GLA 
Clonthal, and some smaller ones among the mountains, 
— Some corn and grapes, and much fruit, are raised in the 
canton. In summer, about 7000 or 8000 cattle are 
pastured on the mountains ; but, in winter, they do not 
exceed 4000 or 5000. The milk is peacepely employ- 
ed in making butter and the celebrated Schabzigher 
cheese, which is exported in t quantities. The 
‘blue melilot, one of its oe Hn latte is care- 
fully cultivated by the inhabitants. Goats are so nu- 
merous, that every commune has about 300 or 400. 
Since the year 1802, the Merino sheep have been intro- 
duced, and the wool of the country has been thus ame- 
liorated. The inhabitants are distinguished by habits 
4 
Guascow is a t commercial and manufacturi 
city of Lanarkshire in Scotland, situated on the nort 
bank of the river Clyde, in West Long. 4° 15’ 51”, 
and North Lat. 55° 52’ 10’. * 
here by St Mungo, or Kentigern, 
‘ igi has been attributed ; it 
being probable that the sanctity of the residence of this 
man, and the observance of miracles which would 
in all probability take place, would naturally draw 
those to the spot who were religiously inclined. 
From this period, and for the space of more than 500 
years, history has declined to record any thing worthy 
of notice respecting this place. Prior to 1100, it would 
| pear, the Bishop's Church was a mean building, 
> Gitetty constru of timber, and had gone into de- 
In the year 1123, John Achaius, nominated bishop 
by David I. finished and decorated a considerable 
of the cathedral, and solemnly consecrated it in 
presence of the king, who immediately bestowed on the 
church the lands of Perdeyc, now Partic, &c. This 
prelate divided the diocese into two archdeaneries of 
G wand Tiviotdale, established the offices of dean, 
su , chancellor, treasurer, sacrist, chanter, and 
successor, and. settled a prebendary on each of them, 
_ out of the donations he received from the king. 
Tn 1174, Joceline, abbot of Melrose, was elected bi- 
of Glasgow, and made an addition to the cathe- 
which had been so far carried on by John A- 
chaius. He also procured a charter from William, 
to King of Scotland, surnamed the Lion, in 1180, erect- 
mp Cer into a royal burgh, and likewise a charter 
to hold a fair for oa days annually. 
In 1387, during time that Matthew Glendonin 
itroyed by W25 bishop, the great spire of the cathedral, which 
htning, hitherto been formed of timber, was consumed by light- 
7, ning. In 1408, his successor, William Lauder, built 
the erent tower of stone as far as the first battlement: 
he laid the foundation of the vestry of the cathedral. 
he ‘ 
. 
: 
tre of the 
. The great tower of the Epi _ palace was founded 
about «3 year 1437, and carried on by the exertions of 
ameron. 
In 1450, Bishop Turnbull obtained from King James II. 
VOL, X. PART I, 
289 
GLA 
of active industry. land was supplied with writing Glarix) 
slates from the ae Sernft, till the opening of the 
Caernarvonshire quarries. At the beginning of the 
18th century, a manufactory for linen cloth was esta- 
blished. The spinning of cotton was introduced in 
1714, and from 1755 to 1760 muslins were fabricated. 
Since that time, India stuffs, pocket handkerchiefs, 
stockings, and muslin shawls, have been manufactured. 
Paper is also made in the canton, and muslin embroi- 
dered. _ The climate is very mild in the vallies. The 
spring is early, and strawberries are ripe in the middle 
of April, and cherries about the end of May. In 1803, 
the population of the canton was 24,000. 
GLASGOW, 
a charter, erecting the town and the patrimonies of Glasgow. 
the bishopric into a regality. He also procured a bull —-y— 
from Pope Nicholas V, for erecting a university within Erected a 
the city, which he endowed, and on which he bestowed pe Gel 
many privileges, versity 
The establishment of this seat of literature contribu- founded. 
ted, more than any thing that had formerly been done, to- 
wards the enlargement of the town, which, before this 
period, was so inconsiderable as not to contain more than 
1500 inhabitants. In the year 1488, the bishopric of 
Glasgow was erected by act of Parliament into a metro- 
politan see, and the temporalities and liberties of the 
church were after thisconfirmed by acharter of James VI. 
Prior to the year 1400, it irould appear that the in- Ihabitants 
habitants chiefly resided in the vicinity of the cathedral, reside near 
and in that part of the High Street which is bounded — 
by the cathedral and the convent -of the Black Friars, “™*" 
(now the College Church:) On the establishment of 
the university, the number of buildings gradually in- 
creased downwards to where the Cross now is, and 
from thence eastwards on the Gallowsgate (now Gal- 
lowgate.) Some time after this period, the citizens 
founded a collegiate church in the Trongate, which they 
dedicated to the Blessed Virgin ; and this circumstance 
naturally induced the citizens to continue their build- 
ings as far west as this place of worship, which now 
bears the name of the Tron Church. It then became 
necessary for the inhabitants to form the Saltmarket 
Street, so.as to procure an easy approach to the Clyde. 
As many of the citizens peaks themselves by fish- 
ing in the river, they were incorporated into a society ; 
and in order that they might be at hand to prosecute 
their business, they built. a considerable part of the 
Fishersgate Street, which has since gone under the 
name of Bridgegate Street, 
Notwithstanding this apparent extension, Glasgow Inferiority 
at this time held but an inferior rank among the towns of Glasgow 
of Scotland ; for it ap that, even in 1556, at Queen in 1556. 
Mary’s taxation, it held only the eleventh place. This 
inferiority has been attempted to be explained in various 
‘ ways; among others it has‘been remarked, thatin propor 
tion as the reformed religion preponderated, the money 
which had been expended in the town by the bishop, and 
the other dignitaries of the church, would be directed in- 
to other channels; and as the early reformers underyalu- 
ed human learning, if they did not entirely despise it, 
the influence of the college was for a time suspended ; 
it may bealso remarked, that Glasgow suffered severely 
during the civil wars, and afterwards experienced the 
miseries of famine and pestilence. In 1652 a great fire 
* This is the position of the New Glasgow Observatory, as determined by the observations of Mr Cross, En. 
2.0 
