304 
Glasgow. barony, Gorbals, Rutherglen, Cumbernauld, Carmun- 
“—\——" nock, Calder, Campsie,,Govan, Kirkintilloch, ‘Kilsyth, 
perererg Cathcart, and Eaglesham, and their elders. The synod 
Steam 
Boats. 
Baths. 
is composed -of seven presbyteries, viz. Glasgow, Ayr, 
Irvine; Paisley, Hamilton, Lanark, and Dumbarton. 
At the Reformation, one minister, who was super- 
intendant of the western district of Scotland, officiated 
in Glasgow, and had the pastoral charge of all its in- 
habitants: .in 1583, the session ef Glasgow was regu- 
larly constituted, of 1 minister, 35 elders, and 26 dea- 
cons. .In 1590; although the lay members of session 
were numerous, we find the minister had summoned an 
inquest from’ the neighbourhood, to assist him in jud- 
ging of matters of scandal. Soon after this period, pub- 
lic worship was performed. in three churches: during 
subsequent periods, commencing about the time of the 
Revolution, the town has been divided into eight se- 
parate parishes. . The patronage of the: original one is 
vested in the crown, the town-council electing all the 
other clergymen. 
The places of. worship. within the city are now as 
follows :—nine parish.churches, including the barony, 
four chapels connected with the, establishment; one 
covenanted presbyterian, one antiburgher, three burgh- 
er and three relief meeting-houses ; two tabernacles ; 
‘one English and- one Scotch Episcopalian chapel ;.one 
independent, two baptist, and two methodist meeting- 
houses ; one Roman Catholic and one unitarian chapel. 
The Glassites, Bereans, universalists, &c. have all places 
of worship. The number of sittings in the whole are 
35,550. 
In the summer of 1811, Mr Henry Bell, an inge- 
nious engineer of: this city, .constructed and plied be- 
tween Glasgow and Greenock, the steam boat Comet, 
penne a voyage of 22 miles in three hours and a 
half, by means of an engine of three horse power... This 
vessel was the first which was impelled by steam on a 
navigable river in Britain. .Since thé above period, the 
following vessels have been built by various persons, 
and are now plying on the river, viz. the Glasgow, the 
Clyde, the Dumbarton Castle, the Britannia, the Cale- 
donia, the Argyle, the Greenock, the Duke of Welling- 
ton, the Prince of Orange, the Princess of Wales, the 
Trusty, and Industry, the two last mentioned being 
constructed chiefly for trade, carry, each 70, tons of 
‘merchandise ; the Prince of Orange, and the Princess 
-of Wales, boats, have accommodation for 120, and the 
others for 220 passengers. These vessels are work- 
ed by engines of from 10 to 32 horse power ; the ave- 
rage time of performing a passage of 22 miles is \re- 
duced to three hours; when the wind and tide are both 
favourable, the voyage can be completed in little more 
than two hours; but when adverse, it is prolonged to 
three and a half,-or even four hours: the present fare 
for the cabin is 4s. and for the forecastle 9s. 6d.. Ex- 
clusive of the vessels which are at present plying on 
the Clyde, the Duke of Argyle and Margery steam 
boats, carrying each 220 passengers, are now on the 
Thames, they were carried round by the Forth and 
Clyde navigation, a distance of more than 500 miles ; 
one of these boats. encountered and weathered a very 
heavy sea. Steam boats from the Clyde are also ply- 
ing on the Mersey and Forth. 
Some years ago an extensive range of hot, and cold 
baths were erected in Bath Street, a short distance from 
George's Square. A model has been approved .of for 
floating baths, intended’ to be erected. on the Clyde du- 
‘ring the ensuing summer. 
€ situation of Glasgow is singularly favourable for 
GLASGOW. 
‘ing on manufactures and commerce, Placed Pa.the rey 
er of one of the richest coal and mineral fields “ 
in the island, with which it communicates by the Monk- © 
land Canal, while for carrying off its commodities, and { 
receiving returns, the Atlantic is open to it on the one 
hand, through the river Clyde, and the German and 
North Sea on the other, through the Forth and Clyde 
canal and river Forth. , oak ae 
Before the year 1707, there had been different 
branches of manufacture begun at Glasgow, particular- 
ly the manufacture of coarse linens ; and a considerable. 
trade had been carried on with Holland. The union 
of the kingdoms at this period having opened the co- 
lonies to the Scotch, the merchants of Glasgow availe: 
themselves of the circumstance, and entering extensively 
into a trade with Virginia, soon made their city the 
great mart for tobacco, and Glasgow became the chief 
medium through which the Farmers General of France 
received their supplies of that article. To so great a 
height was this branch of commerce carried, that for 
several years before the war, which ended in American 
independence, the annual im of tobacco into the 
Clyde were from 35,000 to 45,000 hogsheads; and in the 
ear immediately preceding that event, 57,143 hogs- 
heads were imported. _ Only from 1200 to 1300 hogs- 
heads of these. were. sold for home consumption, _—_ 
The trade, while it continued, engrossed almost the 
whole capital and commercial enterprise of Santino 
very little other foreign trade was attempted, and any 
manufactures that were carried on, were chiefly of ars 
ticles adapted.to the demands, of the Virginia market. 
Supplying that state with European goods, and taking 
of the produce of its soil in return, became, in a great 
degree, a monopoly in the hands of the Glasgow mers 
Chates, Weer ae ee es wih , : 
There had, .as early as the year 1732, been.a begins 
ning made ina trade with the West India Islands, but 
up to the year 1775,.the business was confined to afew 
houses, and had not been very -beneficial. The imports 
of West India produce into the Clyde in the year 1775, 
were as follows: Sugar, 4621 bognies and 691 tierces; 
tum, 1154 puncheons and 193 hogsheads ; cotton, 503 
bags. } 
_ The interruption of the intercourse with America, 
now forced the traders of Glasgow to turn to other ob- 
jects, the enterprise and capital which the commerce 
with that country had nearly wholly engrossed. They 
began more generally to direct their attention A 3 
nufactures ; and the discovery then just made by | 
Arkwright, of the improved process of spinning cotton 
wool, a few years after this period, led to attempts in 
the different manufacturing towns to bring the manu- 
facture of muslins into this country. The cambric and 
lawn manufacturers. of Meg he embarked in the un-— 
dertaking, and, aided by the facility whicha similarity of 
the fabrics afforded, were successful beyond their most 
sanguine expectation. The progress of the cotton ma~ 
nufacture at.Glasgow after this was rapid, a number of 
spinning works were established, and most of the dif 
ferent fabrics of cotton cloth were executed. Dyei 
and printing of linen and cotton cloths, a branch « 
manufacture which had been. going on for some time on 
a limited scale, was now greatly extended, and furnished 
employment to a large amount oa A number of 
other manufactures of linen, woollen, iron, and se 
tery, and of the other articles subsidiary to more im~ 
portant branches, ‘were prosécated ona smaller or great- 
er scale, and continued to extend as the general com- 
merce of the city advanced, The manufacturers of 
“6 ' ARE GR ae, 
