‘Botha 
fl 
*Gotten- 
burg. 
—— 
GOT 
The principal manufactures in Gotha are those of 
woollen goods, ribbands, muslin, and porcelain, There 
are no fewer than six periodical papers published in this 
town. Near the village Siebeleben, about half a league 
from Gotha, upon the insulated mountain of Seeberg, is 
an excellent observatory, under the charge of Baron 
Zach, an able and active astronomer, Population of the 
town, 11,500. 1 (0 
GOTHA. See Swepen. 
GOTHARD, Sr,:Mount. See Aups, p. 575, 576, 
and 579. mets 
GOTHIC Axrcarrecturs, »See Civic Arcnitec- 
TURE, ‘p. 534, 652. } : : 
GOTHLAND. See Swepen. : 
GOTHS. See Certs, Denmark, SwevEN, Romp, &c. 
GOTTENBURG, or Gorunsore, is a sea port town 
-on the west coast of Sweden, and the second town in the 
kingdom.) This town is situated on the banks ofthe most 
easterly: branch of the Gotha, a large river which issues 
from the lake Wenner... About ten miles from Gotten- 
burg it divides into three branches, two of which are scon 
reunited, after passing a rock upon which the old fort of 
Bohus is situated. The other two branches discharge 
themselves, by separate mouths, into the sea, and form a 
large island called Hisingen. The town is nearly three 
miles in circumference, exclusive of the suburbs called 
Hoga, and is regularly fortified with a ditch and wall. 
Gottenburg consists of a principal street, called 
Great Harbour Street, consisting of houses three stories 
high, built of stone or brick, resting, upon piles, and 
covered with white plaster, the roofs being in 
‘concealed. - A canal on, the river Ham, crossed occa- 
sionally by wooden bridges, two. of which only are for 
carriages, runs along the middle of this street. . This 
street is crossed at right angles, by. North Harbour 
Street and South Harbour Street, and a few others ; and 
eae to it there are other streets'of inferior note. 
hese streets are ill paved with round stones, and have 
no side pavement. At the west end -of the town isa 
hitl about 100 feet high, wpon which are’ several streets. 
This part is called the upper town, and the other part 
the lower town. In the upper town, the rows of build- 
ings rise above one another like the seats of an amphi- 
theatre. The exchange, and the extensive building be- 
longing to the East India company, stand in the prin- 
cipal street. There are in this.town two Swedish 
churches, and a German church. In 1812, a very mag- 
nificent church was building with stones brought from 
Scotland. . 
The harbour of Gottenburg is about one-fourth of a 
mile in breadth, and is formed by two chains of rocks. 
Its entrance is defended by the small fort of New Elfs- 
borg, situated upon a rocky island, and garrisoned with 
250 men. 
Gottenburg formerly carried on a very great com- 
merce in herrings, but, for several years past, they have 
entirely left the coast, and the fishing has of course 
declined, Formerly, they obtained about 600,000 
barrels .of herring annually, of which they salted 
200,000 ; train.oil being .obtained from the remainder, 
at the rate of one barrel from 15 barrels of herring. 
In the year 1790, there -was exported from Gottenburg 
104,797 schips of iron in bars ; 9,033 schips of other 
iron; 1142 schips of steel; 36,900 planks; 195,482 
tons of salt herrings ; and East India commodities, con- 
sisting of tea, silken stuffs, cinnamon, rhubarb, sago, 
fans of bamboo, porcelain, &c. to the amount of 599,471 
rix dollars. A Royal Society of Sciences and Literature 
has been established here, and has published some vor 
lumes of its memoirs in Svo. 
$40 
GOU 
The population of Gottenburg was in Avs 
; 15,000. 
BPOWEAS Hh es Sessa OS, ny 
190455 12950), sou hen ONTO ag 
MOBM, Rte : (24,858 8 
The country about Gottenburg consists of low preci- 
Denmark; 
vol. iipp. 300; Kuttner’s Travels through 
Sweden, &c. sect. vi.; ‘Thomson’s Tra in Sweden, 
chap. i.; and Intanp Navieation, for an account of 
the great canal of Trolhatta;. © 9205) 15 > line ina 
GOTTINGEN, or Gorrrincen, is a city of Lower 
Saxony, in the electorate, (now kingdom,) of Hanover, 
and principality of Calenberg. It is situated on the 
small river Leine, in longitude 9° 53’ east,:and latitude 
51° 82! north» lad .aties «hohe ap) oe 
The university was founded by George II. in theyear 
1734, and soon became one of the most celebrated and 
best uented seminaries on the continent. | It is be+ 
lieved to have suffered considerably during pays aia « 
sive occupation 6f Hanover by the French, and the mi- 
litary operations in the north of Germany, subsequent 
to the disastrous battle of Jena; but it will probably 
recover, in some degree, its former prosperity, under the 
present favourable circumstances, The university y 
sesses a noble library, consisting, it is said, of more 
150,000 volumes, a museum of natural history, an ob- 
servatory, and other institutions for the advancement of 
science. Connected with the ——- are the Royal 
Society, the Philological Seminary, and other scientific 
and literary institutions. Gottingen boasts of having 
cherished many. individuals, emment in different de- 
cae of learning ; among whom may be reckoned 
osheim, Michaelis, Mayer, Lichtenberg, Kastner, 
Biirger, Beckmann, Piitter, Heyne, Blumenbach, Mar« 
tens, and many others whose names are. familiar to 
those who are conversant with continental literature. 
The town contains about 12,000 inhabitants, inchu- 
ding the. ison and university. It was formerly a 
place of some strength ; but the fortifications have been 
demolished, and the rampart converted into a public 
walk. The woollen and hat manufactures are, besides 
the university, the principal support of the inhabitants. 
Those who wish for a more particular description of 
Gottingen, and more minute information on the subject 
of its literary history, may consult  Piitter's Versuch — 
einer Academ, Gelehrten-Geschichte von der Univ. 2 
Gottingen, 2 vols, 8vo. 1788 ;:and Rintel’s: Versuch einer’ 
shizz. Sockesk von Gottingen, Berlin, 1791, 8vo. (2) 
GOUDA, or Trercouw, is a town of Holland, advan. 
tageously situated on a branch of the Rhine, called the 
Issel, where it receives the Gouw. The town is well 
fortified, and has five gates; but it is principally cele« 
brated for the painted windows of its magnificent ca~ 
thedral. These paintings were executed principally by 
Theodore, and Walter Crobeth of Gouda, and they ive 
been preserved with singular care. The principal trade 
of the place consists in cordage, and tobacco pipes, and 
cheese. In the neighbourhood of.the town great quan= 
tities of bricks and tiles are made. Peuchet informs us 
that there were once in Gouda 350 breweries, which 
supplied with beer Zealand and a great part of Flan~ 
ders. This trade is now greatly dimi ah ” 
