rayed the cause of liberty, and the friends of his early 
* ; if, indeed, it be not a fouler and more indelible 
, that he continued through a series of heroic en- 
aa wuts, the champion of a cause which had for its ob- 
to establish an unlimited power — cnn and 
‘te force, by a military ip, an abhorred religion, 
on So kat "Scottiah le. See Wish- 
yy ae ; 
' art’s Memoirs of Montrose; Hume’s History of Eng- 
tand, vol. x. ey Pringtpal Baillie’s Letters ‘deldouenale, 
vol. ii; Burnet’s Own a ime, — 5 — oa History 
thee of the Reign of James If. (h) 
O Ue RATA TetateeCel recacunnl Viscount Dundee, 
a celebrated military character who flourished in the latter 
of the 17th century, was descended from the noble 
Penily of Montrose inScotland. Being of an ardent mind, 
and animated from his earliest years by the study of the 
yoets and orators of antiquity, as well as by the tradition- 
ary songs of ‘the Highland bards, he entered early on a 
military life, and served inthe Low Countries, against 
the French, in the war of 1672. At the ve bat- 
tle of Senex, he was instrumental in saving the Prince of 
Orange's life, and he afterwards made application for the 
command of one of the Scotch regiments in the Dutch 
service. The request was: re, and was conse- 
ently declined ‘by the Phinee rob Orange, on which 
ee withdrew from the Dutch service in disdain. 
Returning to Scotland, he obtained a regiment from 
Charles Tl. and disti ed himself by his services 
against the Covenanters. From James I. he obtained 
a title, and ‘high command in the army. Having been 
accused of in -his operations against the Cove- 
nanters, he plea in excuse, that “terror was true 
mercy, if it nee an end to or prevented war.’ It was 
after the flight of James II. and the consequent pro- 
ceedings in Scotland, on the subject of his abdication, 
that Dundee became chiefly conspicuous, From:his cru- 
elties inst the Presbyterians or ‘Covenanters, in 
Scotland i, “a poor people, made desperate by the vio- 
lence.of their persecutors ;”” he is-still spoken-of :in the 
western counties under the designation of the Bloody 
Claverhouse. Th the year 1679, he marched with a 
of dragoons, in order to di a meeting of the 
Sty at Loudon-hill, in Ayrshire. It was a 
day of peculiar solemnity, when the sacrament of the 
Lord's supper was to be administered; a great multi- 
tude, amounting, as Defoe assures us,.to many thou- 
sands, had assembled from different parts of the coun- 
; andthe people sat upon the ground, on the side 
the stip hill, while one of their ministers preached 
to them from a little éent placed atthe-bottom. As was 
usual and necessary in those troublous times, a consi- 
derable PS amt of the audience ere with 
arms. When Claverhouse approached, these last with- 
drew to a short distance from the of the congrega- 
tion, and waited in-good order for -the assault of “ 
; pm ge A elose and furious engagement too 
place at Drumelog ; the dragoons, advancing hastily, 
“oppose the 
_ 
GRAHAM 
887 
eo troops under the Duke of Monmouth, in the 
well-known action at Bothwellbridge. . Previous to thi 
action, however, dissensions had crept in among them ; 
they were deficient likewise in the subordination and 
discipline, without which itis impossible to resist the 
attack of a trained and constituted soldiery ; and in. addi- 
tion to all their other wants, they were ill provided with 
arms, and especially with artillery. The consequence 
was, that the royalists made themselves masters of thie 
bridge at the very first onset, and drove the Presbyte- 
rians before them with a great and indiscriminate’ 
slaughter. It is true the Duke attempted to restrain 
the fury of |his troops; but the inferior commanders, 
Linlithgow, Mar, r+ a and Claverhouse, disregarded 
the orders of their General, and shewed no symptom, 
either of pity or of remorse, in the pursuit of the dis- 
comfited Presbyterians. 
But the cruelties of Claverhouse did not terminate 
with the battle of Bothwellbridge. What Burnet says 
of Dalziel may be affirmed of this commander, with 
equal, or perhaps with greater, truth; that he acted the 
uscoyite too grossly, threatening to spit men and to 
roast them alive. .A whole year after the battle was 
_ spent in attempting to discover those who had been 
present at Bothwell, and in putting them to death, or 
otherwise punishing them. Many were slaughtered in 
cold blood ; many were shot because they would not 
acknow the rising, (as the Covenanters called it), 
to be rebellion against the king ; not a few were put to 
death upon their knees, declaring that,‘ they were no 
way concerned in the Bothwell affair,” and recommend- 
ing their souls tothe mercy of heaven. Trials, and ju- 
ries, and regular proof, were rejected as impediments 
to the:king’s service. The prisoners were simply ask- 
ed whether they owned the rising at Bothwell to be 
rebellion ; and if they hesitated, or answered ambigu- 
ously, they were instantly shot. Even the private sol« 
diers. were authorised to ask such questions, and to in- 
flict the punishment. Children were tortured in order 
to force them to discover where their parents were con- 
cealed ; wives were constrained to lead the soldiers to 
the retreats where their husbands or near relatives 
had taken refuge; and young and tender women were 
stript naked, and thrust out into the cold. There 
being a great majority in the Scotch Convention on 
the side of William, Dundee took the determination 
of .withdrawing, and of exerting himself to serve 
the cause of James in the field. e left pecan af 
with a troop .of 50 horsemen, after in vain urging the 
Duke of Gordon to accompany him to the Highlands, 
and raise his numerous _y: in the cause of the 
caalas ne 
a arms in the neighbourhood of Inverness, and exert+ 
himself with so much activity, that his force increas- 
ed to 6000 men. As a descendant of the Marquis of 
of May 1689, Dundee openly took 
Graham of 
Claver- 
—— 
Montrose, he was the object of much attachment on the 
part of the ers, some of whom even forsook 
their family to fight under his orders. King 
William dispatched General Mote sane him, at the 
head of a regular force, and two months were passed in 
eat impatience by Dundee, in consequence of .orders 
‘om King James not to fight until the arrival of a large 
force from Ireland. During this interval, Dundee. was 
obliged, from defici of provisions, to shift his quax- 
ters continually, and he performed very extraordinary 
marches. His men were exposed to frequent priva- 
tions, but disdained to complain, when they saw their 
