soul. Grahame has more ornament ;—Cowper much 
‘ ter extent and variety of thought... In language 
s at careless, and in their measures often in- 
; ‘ But there is a grace even in their negligence. 
‘ th the praise “ above all Roman fame” belongs, 
of encering. ‘he papemabonet sulietad sainds sub 
gates to. ¢ promotion of the best interests of mora- 
. eligion.. wt 
_ Those who only knew Grahame by his works, will 
form their own estimate of his genius and worth. But 
his memory will long be embalmed in the minds of 
Grossoan is that knowledge of words which qualifies 
Particutar Grammar comprehends the rules 
, as founded on the practice of those 
who have that sort of icuousness in society which 
| ig considered as entitling them to fix the standard in 
each. Every lan, thus a grammatical system 
of its own, “All languages, however, possess some cir- 
3 Fo. scienéé unfolds the principles by which man is 
= directed in the ae of the varieties of words. 
Its utility is extend the opportunities: which it 
gives of en the connection which the phenomena 
id sideréd as a production of the human 
mind have with the other principles of our nature. 
of — As the term Grammar has been currently applied 
* to a mitch inferior department of knowledge, some 
have thou, er to give Universal Grammar the 
é tly m calo designation of the THEORY oF 
vace. This 1: desi ion, however, compre- 
_ Kenids all the general b 3 of inquiry connected 
With language, which are treated under various articles 
éf this work, stich as Arpanet, EtymoLocy, Prito- 
LoGY, and LaNevace. Its most interesting branch 
consists of those inquiries which, under the name of 
Universat Grammar, we here propose to lay before 
" Language being the leading instrument by which 
en communicate their thoughts to one another, it is 
‘it that we undotbtedly owe the most important 
its of which our intellectual character is 
i Tt might therefore have been expected 
that an inquiry into its nature would necessarily im- 
ply an elucidation of all the laws of thought. But ite 
i does not extend so far; and, by 
ae Keeping within its due bounds, we shall do greater 
Sj bol whe weaen es and to those with which it 
is connected. We shall find that the points of view in 
| which man: rs in thinking and in ing are 
| dt so identical as has been ima . Itis 
‘hot true that Universal Grammar implies the whole 
theory of human thought; yet it implies a and 
in, part of it: and the habit which the study 
of i gy Ren oe and the an- 
it gives us of inv 
ogi which it farnis or the prosecution of the 
,may, under judicious management, contribute ma- 
possessor for speaking and writing with hy ota $ : 
of parti- 
- : 
GRAHAME. 
391 
those who had the good fortune to enjoy his personal Grahame, 
acquaintance, or his fri ip. Never, perhaps, did | James. 
a kinder and gentler heart animate a human o 
never did a man exist more unwilling to give to 
any sentient being, or more desirous of ting the 
and happiness of all within the of his in- 
uence. His country will long cherish the remem- 
brance of the author for the — of his works ; while 
his friends will, with fond and melancholy pleasure, 
cherish the effusions of his genius for the of the 
amiable author, (/) 
GRAMMAR. i 
cumstances in common. Prevalent analogies are deve- Grammar, 
loped in their origin and history, and certain leading 
principles are found to obtain in the application of them 
to the purposes of speech. The general doctrines dis- 
covered by the comparison of different languages form 
the important science of PuitosopuicaL, or UNIVERSAL 
Grammar. 
UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR. 
terials towards a perfect knowledge ef the general phi- Universal 
losophy of mind. “one pam 
e have intimated that this science originates in the = 
comparison of different languages. It is not indeed \yi-h its 
very flattering to the pride of human intellect, and it doctrines 
wil ms mys to many inaccurate, as well as undignified, are suggest- 
to ascribe the discovery of the principles of Universal ¢4- 
Grammar to a circumstance which might be regarded 
as accidental, viz. the multiplicity of languages exist- 
ing among mankind. Its principles must operate in 
the formation of each individual language; and the 
science might therefore a to admit of being in- 
vestigated with sufficient certainty by a direct Inquiry 
into the operations of the human mind, or by the ob- 
vious analysis of any single language. This might be 
thought sufficient to distingui that is requisite to 
the purposes of speech from every thing whimsical or 
peculiar, that is, from those turns of words and of 
phraseology which ought to be reckoned idiomatic. 
It might, at least, seem reasonable to that the 
principles would be discovered by paying attention to 
the variations and analogies existing among those words 
of any language which are not immediately and evi- 
dently borrowed from a foreign source. It might even 
be thought possible to collect them by r ing the 
early etre of a child in learning the use of his 
native language. That the principles of this science 
could have been so discovered, it would be rash to deny. 
But the well known obstructions opposed to science by 
the delicacy and proneness to error which mark the 
human faculties, and the various external biases which 
the mind receives, operate in all ages to prevent scien~ 
tific inquiry from being made, and in corrupting the 
accuracy of the results obtained. Hence we are some- 
times indebted to fortunate accidents for an introduc- 
tion to the right path of inquiry, and for the discovery 
of truths which had otherwise a chance of remaining 
