Rrctcteorivcen is capab 
aly not fully 
to wri- 
"as conferring on them a great advantage over the mo- 
dern ing of bieuit-and force. But 
this brevity 1s often a ion arising from the preju- 
dices a to the of written 
req' 
by the parts co 
should have loved.” The English Pe wever, is 
pronounced with equal facility and dispatch as_ the 
single word amavissem; it consists of the same number 
of syllables, and these have no greater character of per- 
ee cied tardiness in the one case than in the 
he Latin syllables, in this instance, nearly d 
to the separate English words ; am, signifies “ love ;” 
» are 
lation, however, if it is 
not a name for a mere form, if it has any scientific 
meaning, must be extended to some forms which have 
usually been considered as ing to the subjunc- 
tive mood, as they are not confined to the of 
subjunction, but sometimes form the only verb in a 
sentence: as Illi poti m altert CREDEREM. Mas 
LUERI™ ¢e quam ullum alium imitari. Si cum hosle di- 
miedsset pEnnsseT. The words here marked in capi- 
tals have the full force of the indicative ; that is, they 
' convey affirmations ; they indicate new connections of 
_ ideas, intended to be impressed on the mind of the 
person spoken to. They are therefore improperly dis« 
tinguished. by the title of subjunctives, if this implies 
that they are fitted only to maintain a subordinate rank 
in the composition of a sentence. Some further ob« 
servations will be made on them in the sequel. 
Sect. IX. The Subjunction of Sentences. 
Every improved lan possesses various contri 
vances for he subjanction of certain sentences to others, 
- every continued discourse, some are distinguished as 
greater importance, and holding a more eminent rank 
than the rest. These others ae be equally necessary 
to the full elucidation of the subject ;. but their utility 
arises from their subserviency to the developement of 
~ the former. Some sentences are preparatory, and cons 
tain itions which are said to be ised, Others 
are inserted as constituent parts of more prominent 
sentences. This last operation may be denominated 
le of being used as a noun, 
be used and lied to species. of competent to the 
noun. es the sentence retains'the same form as 
when it stands unconnected. . It may, for example, be 
made the nominative to a verb. This use of sentences is 
of frequent recurrence in treating of the subject of lan- 
) guage, as in treatises on universal grammar, in which 
sentences as such,, are the subjects of discussion. We 
ean make a sentence by conjoining the three words 
. 8 
GRAMMAR 
— 
429 
{*, this, is right,” and we can then make it a nominative Universal 
to the verb “ is” by saying, “ This is right is a short Grmmar, 
sentence,” We can also make it an accusative to the “~Y"" 
verb.‘ think,” or the verb “ say:” “ He thinks or he 
says this is right.” 
_ Sentences may also be rendered parts of other sen- Expedients 
tenees, by means of slight 3 on some of the for includ- 
words composing them, or by the interposition of other ing one sen- 
parts of speech, contrived either for simple annexation, ‘nes withis 
or. for. pointi out at the same time the particular re- res 
lope which the subjoined sentence stands to the 
whole. 
Subjunction is of two kinds; subjunction to nouns, 
and,subjunction to sentences. 
1. Subjunction to Nouns. 
_A sentence. is subjoined to a noun when it is em- 
played for the same purposes of amplification or quali- 
Nature of 
soarpi.ae she itive case or the adjective. This is to the nous. 
done by using, instead of the nominatives “ he,” “ she,” 
it” or “they,” the relatives ** who,” “ which,” or 
« that ;” as in the sentences, ‘* Men who speak little are 
esteemed ent;” © A man who commits murder 
deserves death:”. “ Men who speak ill of their neigh. 
bours are dangerous:” ‘‘ Men who are capable of hy~ 
pocrisy are not to be trusted.” Here each of the sen- 
tences introduced by. the relative “* who,” limits the as- 
sertion to a definite part of the general class of beings 
represented by the nouns “men,” or “ man.” 
It. may, be objected that the words, “| who speak 
little,” do not significant sen- 
themselves forma si, 
tence, _ If this is the case, however, it depends entirely 
on the nature of the nominative ‘“ who;” and it may be 
remarked, that this nominative has the full meaning of 
the pronoun “ he ;” “he speaks little” is a ai ete 
sentence, though, in order to be made intelligible, it 
requires some previous knowledge of the person re~ 
ferred to by the word “he ;” but the case is the same 
with innumerable entire sentences in . “Who” 
implies the meaning of “he,” and something more ; it 
implies a mark that the sentence of which it is the 
subject is subjoined to a noun, and is thus an entire sen< 
tence with something additional. 
The author of the article Grammar in the Ency- Analysis of 
clopedia Britannica, i iously analyses the relative the relative. 
into the preposition. “ of” preceding the pronouns “ he,” 
« she,” * it,” or their plurals, or oblique cases. When 
thus analysed, this word “of” must govern not the pro- 
nouns separately, which in fact are sometimes nomina- 
tives, but the subjoined sentences to which they belong. 
He shews that Mr Harris was deceived in supposing that 
the relative might be resolved into the third personal pro» 
noun preceded by the,conjunction “and.” The sige 
‘«* Men who speak little,” may be resolved into « Men of 
dey Deak little.” Readers who are not accustomed to 
such analyses, and who regard the present habitudes of 
lan as exclusively significant, may imagine that this 
analysis renders the sentence u. meaning. But, if we 
could suppose that the preposition “of” were one of those 
which govern nouns and sentences indiscriminately, 
we should find that the uncouthness of this paraphrase 
does not render it unintelligible. To these the words 
‘ before and after” belong. _We can either say “ be- 
fore his dinner,” or “ before he had dined.” It is suf- 
ficiently supposable that our language might have been 
so constructed as to put it in our power to say, not 
only.“ the time of dinner” but “ the time of he dines ;” 
and to say not only “ men.of few words,” but “ men of 
