Granada, 
Province. 
444 
gilded balconies-run round it above the arcades. In 
this church are some of the best pictures and statues by 
‘the celebrated Spanish artist Alonzo Cano, and his pu- 
pil Pedro de Mena. The palace of the archbishop 
_ Stands close to the cathedral, and is a very extensive 
-mansion, and of a handsome appearance. But the most 
interesting and splendid object in Granada is the Al- 
hambra, the ancient fortress or palace of the Moorish 
kings, described in a former article: (See ALHAMBRA.) 
Though this noble structure is fast hastening to decay, 
and likely to become in a few years a heap of ruins, it 
is still viewed by travellers with the strongest sensa- 
tions of wonder and delight. In‘a higher situation on 
an opposite hill, is another palace, called the Genera- 
liffe, which was used as a retreat in the intense heats of 
summer. The rooms are floored with marble, and have 
streams of the clearest water rushing through them. It 
is surrounded by gardens, groves, and orchards, plant- 
‘ed with orange, lemon, and cypress trees, and Lnveane 
avith a multiplicity of transparent pools and crystal 
fountains. Most of the houses have fountains and baths 
' in their courts, which, besides supplying water for do- 
Extent and 
boundaries. 
mestic uses, moderate by their coolness the extreme 
heat of the.climate in the summer season. . In imitation 
of the Moors, the present inhabitants spread an awning 
over these courts to keep off the sun, and live there all 
the summer, eating their meals and receiving their yi- 
sitors amidst its refreshing coolness. The environs of 
the city are delightful, and the shady walks on the 
banks of the Xenil, with others more wild and roman- 
tic on the Darro, afford the most refreshing and plea- 
sing retreats. The sides of the hills around the city 
abound with caves.resembling the troglodyte habita- 
tions in Abyssinia. ‘They were originally employed as 
granaries for corn; but are now inhabited by gipsies, 
who are.very numerous in the south of Spain, and are 
said to bear a great resemblance, to the same class of 
people in England. Granada contains an university, 
and an academy for mathematics, but they have no li- 
brary, few masters, and. scarcely any students. There 
is a royal manufactory for saltpetre and gun-powder ; 
and several for woollen cloths and serges, which are 
said to employ about 7000, persons, and to. consume 
460,000 pounds of wool annually, Silk stuffs, such as 
velvets, sattins, and taffetas of a very durable quality, 
are made in the: city, and a considerable quantity of 
ribbons, in the manufacture.of which the spring shuttle 
used at Coventry is generally adopted, the only kind of 
machinery observed in the manufactories of the place. 
See Jacob’s Travels in Spain; Townsend’s T'ravels in 
Spain ; Laborde’s View of Spain ; and Murphy’s splen~ 
did work, entitled, the Arabian Antiquities of Spain, 
Lond, 1815. 
GRANADA, a province of Spain, sometimes called 
Upper, Andalusia, is bounded. on the ‘east and south by 
Murcia and the Mediterranean, and.on the west and 
north by Andalusia. It is situated between 36° 20’.and 
38° North Latitude, and between 5° 5’ and 1° 30! West 
Longitude from Greenwich... It is of. a very, irregular 
figure,.approaching to the shape of a pyramid, with its 
base to the east on the kingdom of Murcia, and its apex 
to the south-west, towards the. straits of Gibraltar, | It 
is 58 leagues in length from the east tothe south-east ; 
and, in breadth, ,in» some ‘places 8; inothers 18, and 
at its base:28. The principal towns.are Granada, the, 
capital, already described, Malaga, Almeria, and Amu-. 
necar, three sea-ports on the Mediterranean ; Guadix, 
Motrel, Morbella, Velez-Malaga, Baza, Vera, Ronda, 
Loxa, Santa-Fe, Huesca, Antequera, and Alhama. Its 
givers are the Verde, XeniJ, Las Feguas, Guadalentia, 
GRANADA. 
‘Guadavar, Guadalmeja, Rio de Almeria, Rio Frio, Gua- Gm 
dalmerina, Darro, Guadix, Bravata, Marchan, &c. 
The Moors having acquired possession of — af. 
ter the bloody battle of Xeres in 711, in which Rode-~ 
rigo, the last. of the Gothic princes, was slain, Granada 
became a part of their empire in the south of the pe- 
ninsula; and, in 1018, was chosen by Almanzor asthe _ 
royal residence, instead of Cordova. In 1051, the fae 
mily of Almanzor were deprived of the conan 
Joseph ben Taschphen, King of Morocco, who the | 
throne with dignity and splendour. After his. de 
the kingdom was divided among a number of pr - 
ers; but, in 1146, was again united under a prince of — _ 
the family of the Almohades. Mahomed the First, one 
of the greatest of the Moorish princes, laid the founda« 
tion of a new dynasty in 1292, and raised the Soe 
of Granada to its greatest degree of prosperity. While 
he kept on foot.a powerful army for the defence of his. 
dominions, he was equally attentive to promote the 
welfare of his subjects by the arts of peace. Heregue 
lated the revenues, administered justice, -culti ie" 
science, endowed hospitals, and laid the foundation. 
the Alhambra, the glory of Mahommedan Spain. 1 
homed the Second succeeded. his. father, and was distin 
guished, above all the monarchs of his race, as the pro«. 
tector of science, and the patron of arts and commerce, 
His court was the resort of astronomers, physicians, 
philosophers, orators, and poets ; and his own compo« 
sitions in verse are celebrated by Arabian gy 
their. epigrammatic humour. e was in, 
1302, by his son of the same name, who resembled him, 
in his love of literature, and his patronage of the fine 
arts ; but, while he was engaged in war with the King 
of Arragon, an insurrection in his capital canton 
the crown to his brother Almasser, a young prince of - 
45 years of age, celebrated for his }in mathemas- 
tical and astronomical learning ; but who,- yielding to. 
the turbulent dispositions. of h is, subjects, was in his 
turn supplanted, in 1314, by Ismael, Prince of Malaga. _ 
The kingdom of Granada, hard pressed: by the Chris-, St 
tian states, in the: north, of Spain, and thus torn by a. os 
succession of intestine commotions, was fast approach. © 
try with his troops, and built the city of Santa-Fé, he 
: ~' i hen the 
querors, displaying the most he their suf 
ferings, and unshaken constancy to their « _ Un- 
der thesway of the ee princes, which com- 
prehends a period of nearly eight centuries, the king- 
dom of Granada was the. seat of opulence, arts, and 
