446 
GRANADA. 
Granada, is collected in large pits, well rammed, to prevent, GRANADA, New, division) of Spanish: 
Province. 
—_——— 
Commerce. 
leaking ; and, when once well. rotted, jis. distributed, 
over pe land, in a state almost liquid, It is not ap-, 
plied, however, to the production of corn,, but, is, used, 
In the ens, the melon grounds, and the mulberry 
plantations. Yet, without any manure, and. by. the 
mere assistance of irrigation, the most, abundant crops 
of grain are raised, especially of wheat, barley;.and 
maize. On land capable of being properly watered, 
the annual produce of wheat is said to be fifty bushels 
per acre. Great quantities of rice are cultivated in the 
lower grounds near the rivers, and subject,to floods ; 
and frequently a crop of hemp, or flax, is taken. from 
the land before the rice is sown, But the Spanish far- 
mers pay more attention to the breeding and fattening 
of cattle, than to the cultivation of grain or fruits. 
They make no hay ; but the grass grows most abun- 
dantly in winter, when the cattle are fed in the up- 
lands; and after harvest, which is generally in June, 
the stubble fields furnish subsistence to the flocks and 
herds. The flax and hemp are very cheap; andthe 
latter, having a remarkably. strong fibre, is thought to 
make the best sail cloth. There are. very extensive, 
plantations of mulberry trees, which are cultivated 
solely for the sake of the leaves, as the food of the, silk 
warm. The white mulberry, grafted on the wild stock,, 
is considered as the best for that purpose, and as ma- 
king the worms yield a finer silk than the red or black 
species: The tops are cut off to increase the, quantity, 
ofleaves. As much silk is annually raised in the plain 
of Granada. as furnishes employment to 1500 persons, 
The manufactures,in the city alone are calculated to 
require a supply. of 100,000lbs, It is estimated, that 
1500 worms produce about,one pound of silk; and it is 
found, that a mulberry tree, of ten years. of age, will 
scarcely supply food for as many of these, insects as 
yield seven pounds. The mountains round the city of 
Granada are well calculated for vines, but so little at- 
tention is paid to their cultivation, that the wine pro- 
duced from them is of a very inferior kind, and generally, 
acquires a disagreeable taste from the sheep skins: wi 
tarred seams in which it is brought from the vineyards; 
but, in other parts of the province, excellent wines,are: 
made, especially the Tierno, Moscatel, and .Malaga.. 
The grapes often grow in bunches of. eight, ten, and: 
even fourteen pounds weight, and great quantities are 
dried in the sun for exportation. Olive trees.ave nu- 
merous ; but oil is not produced in sufficient. quantity 
for the consumption of the inhabitants... Sugar canes are 
cultivated in many » but especially around Malaga; 
and are as large and juicy as those of the West Indies. 
The commerce of Granada with the other provinces, 
consists chiefly in exchanging corn, wine,. and, dried. 
fruits, for oil and silk, Its trade with foreign countries 
is carried on from the ports of Almeria and Malaga, 
(see Aumerta and Maxaoa,) and consists in exports 
of wine, dried fruits, oil, anchovies, lemons, almonds, 
lead, kali, sumach ; and in imports of cloths, ironware, 
mercery, lace, &c. 
inhabitants. _ The inhabitants of this province, like the Andalu- 
sians in general, are considered as the Gascons of Spain, 
vain, talkative, boastful and licentious,.The women are. 
represented as sufficiently seducing, handsome in their 
figure, and peculiarly attractiveas dancers. The lan- 
guage is mixed with so. many. Arabic words, and the 
pronunciation so guttural and vitiated,. that a Castilian. 
often finds it difficult. to. understand we iam an 
Andalusian.. See the works referred.to. the pre- 
eeding article, (q) 
on the north and east. by Caraecas and Cumana,, on the 
west by a be and.on the south, by Peru. It ex- — 
tends in length about 300 miles, and nearly as much in, 
breadth. It.is so far elevated aboye,the level, of the 
sea, that, though approaching almost, to the equator, its, 
climate is remarkably temperate. Its vales and, level,- 
districts are not inferior in fertility, to the ri s 
of America, Its mountainous tracts abound in mines, - 
of gold, silver, lead, copper, and.in. precious stones. 
various kinds, Its forests. afford a, variety of. e 
timber, adapted particularly for ship-building. Its 
principal towns are pg or Santa Fé de, Bogota, the, 
seat of government, and the see of an archbishop, situa, 
ted nearly in 4° North, Latitude, and containing 40,000, 
inhabitants ;, Flonda, a pleasant little town on the river, 
Magdalena, about, 60 miles north-west. of the capir, 
tal, the principal port for the, commerce of the interior, 
ovinces, and containing about 10,000 inhabitants; 
erida, a considerable manufacturing town in 8° 11/_ 
North Latitude, situated in a well-watered valley, about, 
20 leagues south. of Lake Maracaiba, and app pve i 
11,000 inhabitants ; Neyva, 107 miles south- west of th 
capitahs Maraquita, 59 miles north-west; St Miguel, 94, 
miles north-east ; Caguan, south. of Neyva and Tuniain, 
54° North Latitude ; all small settlements, rather. in 2 
declining state. There. are likewise several missi 
stations, especially towards, the south, 
called Los Llanos, and several villages,of the In 
Antioquia, perhaps rather a separate, province, is also. 
generally comprehended in that of, New Granada, It 
is situated, towards, the west,, bounded, by, Caxthagena, 
on the north, by, Popayan onthe south, and.on the west, 
by Choca. It is mountainous, and abounding in mines, 
temperate, well watered, and rich in, pastures. Its cas 
pital, of the same, name, in, the-valley, of, Nori, is situa+ 
ted in 7° 14’ North-Latitude. ~ 
A few manufactures of cotton cloths, carpets, coun 
terpanes, and woollens,. chiefly forthe purposes of in~ 
ternal consumption,, are carried on in the province, Se- 
veral of its native, productions, especially chocolate, to~ 
baceo, and cotton, all of excellent quality, be col-, 
lent in great eek ame oi BS 3 and the ri- 
ver Magdalena, which, runs through,the,province into, 
the Atlantic, and is navigable as far as, Florida, 160, 
leagues from its mouth, affords.a commodious. outlet to, 
the European markets, But agriculture and trade. are, 
said to have greatly declined. of late years:in the pro-, 
vince; and its present, unsettled, state, ling for 
independence of the mother, countvy,.,though,likely to 
issue at length. in its prosperity, must obviously. be eX~: 
tremely unfavourable to every, kind.,of cultivationjor, 
commerce.,, Its chief support is derived fromthe produce, 
of its gold mines. _ These. indeed can-scarcely, be-called, 
mines, as the metal is not generally procured by dig-. 
ging into the earth, but is mingled, with, the soil near, 
the surface, from, which. it is separated ,by, repeated.’ 
washings. This work is. commonly performed, by Ne-, 
gro slaves, who cannot bear the chill air, of the; mines, 
but are more able than the Indians to.support the-la~ 
bours of the field, as some districts,the metal. is found | 
in large grains; and on some spots, particularly, near 
pita single labourers have collected in one day a 
quantity equivalent to 1000 pesos.. One, of the gover-, 
nors of Santa Fé. procured.a mass ee estima 
ted to be worth £740, which was ited in the roy- 
al cabinet of Madrid as the finest and largest specimen. 
ever found. in the New World, 
lying, between 2° and 8° of North Latitudes tc boucded ; 
Seg 
S ene 
ee 
OE Lean. sera 
ee er 
missionary, 
of the province, _ 
- Indians,, 
