456 GRA 
spacious nave and chancel, &¢. The town-hall was Gr 
erected in 1764, and has a poultry market clow it. It 
GRA 
Grasses mausoleum is an observatory, which was once well furs 
|» nished with astronomical instruments. The emperor’s 
Gravesend. second son John Charles, and Mary Anne, Duchess of 
arches _ 
‘ partly oceupied with fie 
Bavaria, his consort, are buried along with Ferdinand 
in the circular chapel inthe lower part of the mausoleum. 
The assembly-room and the theatre, which are both 
under one roof, form a very extensive building. The 
arsenal, the house of the states, and i giteal residen- 
ces of the Count Sauran, Loibel, and Wermbrand, are 
the other buildings deserving of notice. The castle, 
which was formerly the residence of the Dukes of Sty- 
ria, is now the dwelling of the governors, and the seat 
of the regency. The house in which Bonaparte resided 
is very spacious, and is now shown as one of the curio- 
Sities of the town. Gratz is the see of a bishop, who 
generally resides at it about eight months in the year. 
At no great distance from the town are several hand- 
some villages, and the intermediate space between them 
and the suburbs is covered by country houses, large 
and small, farm houses, and detached cottages, so that 
the whole of this tract, when seen from the cita- 
del, forms a rich and pleasing picture, and not only oc- 
cupies a plain of above 18 square miles, but encroaches 
even upon the neighbouzing hills. These hills are ofa 
moderate height, and ave partly covered with wood, and 
Fas, vineyards, and meadows, 
up to their very summits. The population of Gratz 
has been stated in some statistical tables at 40,000; 
but it probably does not exceed 33,000. The popula- 
tion of the circle of Gratz, one of the five cikcles of 
Styria, is 296,424. East Longitude, according to ac- 
curate observations, 15° 27’ 15”, North Latitude 47° 4’ 
9". See Sryria. 
GRASSES, See Acnicutture Index. 
GRAVE-Harmonics, in Music. See Harmonics, 
Grave and’ Acute: 
Grave Intervals, according to Maxwell and Liston, 
are such as are lessened by the major comma; they are 
marked with the grave accent (*), and are usually call- 
ed by us, Comma-dejicient intervals. 
The Grave Diests of Liston, &=& —c=10> 4m, 
is the Minor Comma, which see. . 
The Grave Limma of Liston, S'= $—c, = 365 + 
f + 3m, is the Semrrone Minor, which see. 
The Grave Tone of Liston, (p. 14.) T’=T—c, 
= 93> 4+ 2f+ 8m, is the Tone Minor, which see. 
Grave Fourth of Holden, or bearing fourth, has the 
ratio $$, = 240.06077 = 4+ 5f + 20m; and is the Les- 
ser false Fourtu of the trumpet, which see. 
RAVE Semitone of Holden, or deficient semitone of 
the same author, (p. 341.) has the ratio 2°, = 
43.0529042 4. f4- 4m ; its common log. =.9788107,0093; 
it Is + 43.234017 % Z, = 3.92754 x c, = .070389 x 
VIII. _M. Feyton mentions it as his Semitone E EX, 
and it is the Semitone of Ptolemy’s Diatonicum molle. 
GRAVEL. See Mepicine. 
GRAVER. See Enaravine. 
GRAVESEND, is a town of England, in the county 
of Kent, built on a gentle declivity, on the banks of the 
Thames. It consists of several narrow streets, the best 
of which are the one on the great London road, and 
another at right angles to it, leading to the river. The 
church, whic is dedicated to St eorge, was erected 
near the ‘iver between 1731 and 1733. It is built of 
brick, with stone quoins and cornices, and consists of a 
is supported by six columns in front, and 
behind da small ooden 
wooden sides, and a “projecting wooden portico, 
surmounted by a bust of Shz e, was built in 
1808 ; and a handsome chapel in’ 1812, on the north 
side of the London road. A new wharf and crane were 
erected in 1767, and two batteries of 16 guns each have 
There i bef anal ekinacey oe eas se op 
ere is here a sma rufa ca ( 
and a yard for ship-buildng. Most of the outward 
bound ships are supplied with live and dead stock at 
Gravesend, and also with vegetables, for the cultivation 
of which about 80 acres of ground are ap ‘i 
The town is often crowded with seamen ant pre on 
from the great quantity of shipping that usually lie at 
anchor in the channel near the town; and in summer 
many visitors are attracted by the accommodations of a 
new bathing-house, which was built by subscription in 
1796. About 18 or 20 Gravesend smacks are employ 
ed in the cod and haddock fishing. ; Dies 
According to the population return for 1811, Graves- 
end parish contains ae 
Number of inhabited houses . . . 525 
Number of families . . . . . . 698 | 
Do. employed inagriculture . . . 83 
Do. in e and manufactures. . . 457 
Number of males . . . . . . . 1505 
Do. ‘fertadtes he SS ee ee BO ae 
Total population st19' "** 
See Beauties of E. and Wales, vol. vii. p. 577. 
GRAVIMETER. See Hypromerer. bes. 
GRAVITATION, See Astronomy, p. 599; Chap- 
ters I. II. III. IV. V. of Physical Astronomy ; and also 
the articles Arrracrion and Newron. teats. 
GRAVITY, Sreciric. See Hypropynamics and 
Specrric Gravity, — 
GRAY, Tuomas, an eminent English was born 
at Cornhill in London, on the 20th of December 1716. 
His father, Philip Gray, was a money scrivener of the 
city. Eis mother, whose maiden name was Doroth 
Antrobus, was, owing to the bad usage of her husband, 
obliged to apply to an eminent civilian for his advice 
as to a separation from him, Our poet, their fifth child, 
owed his life to the affectionate courage of his mother, 
who, by opening a vein with her own hand, removed a 
paroxysm which attacked him in his childhood. To 
this parent’s exertions he was also indebted for his edu- 
cation ; so that, considering the unhappiness of her life, 
and the itude which her son owed her, we can easi- 
ly conceive the truth of what Mason tells us, that Gray 
always mentioned his mother’s name witha sigh. Gray 
was educated at Eton, under the protection r An- 
trobus, his maternal uncle, who was a fellow of Peter- 
house, Cambridge. At that university, Gray was ad- 
mitted a pensioner in his 19th year. During his first 
four year’s residence there, he seems to have with- 
drawn himself from the severity of mathematical stu- 
dies, while his enquiries centered in classical and mo- 
dern literature.* 
In 1738, he removed to the Inner Temple ; but laid 
aside his legal studies to accompany Horace Walpole on 
atour through France and Italy. An unhappy diffe- 
rence, however, with the blame of which Walpole has 
* His productions during that period, were some Latin verses, entitled Luna Habitabilis, inserted in the Muse Etonenses ; a poem on the 
marriage of the Prince of Wales; and a Sapphic Ode to his friend West, both in Latin. A Latin version of a passage 
and Fragments of Translations from Italius and Tasso, 
the Pastor Fido, 
A neat little theatre, with a brick front and ~~ 
