482 
Greenland. cessible by the floating ice. Finally, in the reign of Fre- 
——— 
Hans 
Egeda 
Moravian 
Mission- 
Aaties, 
Colonies 
and settle. 
ments, 
deric the Fourth, Hans Egede, a clergyman from Vogen, 
in theNorth of Norway, animated by a religious en- 
thusiasm, offered himself for the conversion of the Green- 
Janders, and, accompanied by his wife and children, left 
his office, and his native country... He was furnished by 
the Danish government: with two vessels ;) and, being 
provided with the necessary stores, he embarked on the 
2d of May, in the year 1721, and, after struggling with 
many dangers, landed onthe $d of July, at Baal’s river, in 
64° 5’ of N. Lat. ‘The Greenlanders did not like their new 
ests; but, by degrees, they were influenced, by friend- 
fy treme and presents, to entertain those who visited 
them. The trade had a very poor appearance in the be- 
ginning, but all succeeded ‘very well in the course of 
three years. From time to time, the establishments both 
for the mission and the trade were increased, and Mr 
Egede built the first European house in Baal’s river, call- 
ing the settlement, metaphorically, Gotthaab (Good 
Hope.) The three first missionaries of the German Uni- 
tas Fratrum, or the Moravian Brethren, were sent out in 
the year 1783, They established their first settlement 
in the vicinity of that of Mr Egede, and gave to it the 
metaphorical name New Herrnhut, their first settlement 
in Germany being called Herrnhut, that is, protected by 
eur Lord. 
The Danish government were not discouraged by the 
unpromising appearance of the missions and the colonies, 
but made ample provision for upholding and extending 
them, and formed permanent) settlements for. the best 
possible cultivation of the land. Horses and soldiers 
were sent over to Greenland, that the settlers, by their 
aid, might travel over land to the east coast, or the lost 
Greenland ; but the icy vallies, and glaciers crossing the 
interior of the country, were found impassable; the horses 
perished, and all those endeavours proved abortive. The 
only possible way to come there, would be with Green- 
landish leather boats; which are easily transportable over 
the floating ice, travelling round Cape Farewell, and ne- 
ver losing sight of the coast. But the reports of the 
Greenlanders, who dwell in the most southern part of 
the country, give sufficient reason to suppose, that none 
of the old settlers will be found there; it being proba- 
ble, that a coast incessantly surrounded by ice fields, 
which have lain there from time immemorial, and in- 
crease every year, as is ascertained by the whale-fishers, 
who go to Spitzbergen, will be now much colder than it 
was some centuries ago, when the sea was still open for 
sailing from Iceland and Norway, and free from floating 
ice during the whole summer. 
The colonies and settlements existing at'this time on 
the whole coast of West Greenland, in a line from south 
to north-west, are, 
1. Nennortelik, or Bear-island, lying on the east of 
the promontory of Cape Farewell, The Greenlanders, 
who live on the remotest places in the south, come there, 
if the floating ice permits it, with their articles of trade, 
samen ey ve ~ blue and white fox, and of the 
a r. island is inhabi 
landish faraily, only inhabited by one Green- 
2. Lichtenau, the most southern establishment of the 
Moravian Brethren, lying in the Firth Agluitsok, in the 
60° a of latitude. 
3. Julianeshaab, established in the Firth Kakortok, i 
the 60° 43’, In its vicinity are the ruing of an ald i. 
Jandie or Norwegian church, 
GREENLAND. ; - 
4. Fredrikshaab, in the 62° 80’,.is one of the oldest Gree 
colonies, established in 1742. : 
5. Fiskerness, a Danish lodge, in the 63° 20’. Four 
leagues from this is, ‘ 
6. Lichtenfels, a settlement of the Moravian Brethren, 
founded in the year 1754, on an island called Kikertar- 
soeitsiak. 
7. Godthaab, in the 64° 5’, in Baal’s river, the first 
settlement for the mission and trade, established in the - 
year 1723, by Mr Hans Egede, the first missionary of 
Greenland. A dwelling-house of stone was built by him 
in the year 1726, the walls of which are three in 
thickness ; it is 27 feet long, and 16 feet broad. Some 
hills, at the distance of one league, separate Godthaab 
from New Herrnhut, the first Moravian settlement in. 
this country. The governor of South Greenland resides 
here. “ 
8. New Herrnhut, which has also a very large dwel« 
ling-house, built of stone, by the Moravian oe ae a) 
9. Zukkerloppen (Sugar-loaf;) so called from a conical 
mountain in the vicinity of the settlement, established in 
1755, in 65° 40’ North Lat. ahr i 7 
10. Holsicin-burg, established in 1770, in 67° 10’ 
North Lat. the a) GORY of ere re peed) 
11. Egedesmi: that is, Mem 4 is estas 
iiss ee honour ee first i oh ans Egede, 
It lies in 68° 40’ North Lat, on the most southerr 
point of Disko Bay, generally called on the charts South 
ast Bay, and Fish Bay, which is one of the most con- 
venient places for the whale fishery. * 
12. Christianshaab; 13. Clanshavn; and, 14. Jakobs« 
havn, in 68° 50’, are the settlements established round 
the continent of Disko Bay. ; 
There are two other colonies, called, 15. Klokkerhuk, 
and, 16. Rittenbenk, situated in 70° N. Lat. on islands in 
the Waygat, which is a sound that separates those islands 
from Disko island. 7 
17. Omenak, another settlement, established 1768, 
in 70° North Lat. is situated on an island of the same 
name in James’s Bay, which, in the English charts, is 
called Cornelius Bay. The most northern colony which 
existed, was, 
18. Upernavik, on one of the Women Islands, 72° 32’ 
North Lat, although now abandoned by the settlers, for 
want of intercourse with, and support from, the other settle« 
ments. It is still inhabited by some Greenlanders, who 
have very little intercourse with the Euro and ne. 
ver venture farther to the north than to the 73d degre 
There is another settlement, Godhavn, on Disk 
island, where the governor of North Greenland resides, 
and two others at Kronprinz island and Hund island, 
called, on the charts, Whale Island, The English w! 
fishers visit frequently those places. On the whole coast 
are five Protestant Lutheran Danish churches, where the 
gospel is preached beth in Greenlandish and Danish ; 
there are also three meeting-houses of the Moravian 
Brethren. The Lutheran churches are at Frederikshaab, 
Godthaab, Holsteinsburg, Jakobshavn, and, Claushavn. 
The Moravian meeting-houses are at Lichtenau, Lich- 
tenfels, and New Herrnhut. The Moravians have no 
mission farther to the north. ; 
Greenland was always considered to be a property of 
the King of Denmark, the Danish flag having been hoisted 
‘there so early as in the 13th century. The trade with the 
Greenlanders was several times interrupted, as already 
mentioned, the inhabitants wishing to avoid all’ intercourse 
