492 
here is scarcely a square mile where:the rock is ens 
tirely free from garnets. A large mountain in Omenaks 
firth, called Sedliaruset, presents on its surface) only 
the powder of mica slate, and fragments of precious 
garnet. From the appearance of this powder, it is pro-~ 
bable that the rock formerly contained great masses of 
imbedded iron pyrites.. No snow rests on the surface 
of this mountain in the coldest winter. The fragments 
of precious garnet which are found here, when clear, 
are the most highly prized of any on the coast. Other 
minerals which are found in mica-slate in Greenland, 
are, emery, on the island Kikertarsoeitsiak, in South 
Greenland; granatite, on the island Manetsok ; mor- 
oxite, in very large six-sided prisms, at Sungangarsok, 
in North Greenland; and dichroite, in six-sided prisms, 
on the island Ujordlersoak, in the 76th degree of N. lati- 
tude, Except iron pyrites, copper pyrites, and galena, 
no metal occurs in this rock. 
White-stone, (Weiss-stein,) which has lately been de- 
termined by Werner, appears to belong to this rock. 
It presents a white and greyish-white granular appear- 
ance, which was formerly supposed to be compact or 
granular felspar. It is in this country characterised by 
very small and minute crystals of garnet disseminated 
through the whole mass. Here it 1s found in layers of 
inconsiderable extent, resting on mica slate, very seldom 
on gneiss. It is also found in detached pieces, 
4, Cray Suave is very seldom met with on this coast; 
and consequently the different beds which are charac- 
teristic of this rock, viz. flint-slate, lydian-stone, alum- 
slate, but rarely occur. Nevertheless, at the mouth of 
the firth Arksut it forms two islands of some import- 
ance called Arksut and Ujorbik. The colour of the 
slate is ash-grey and bluish-grey ; its fragments pre- 
sent a double cleavage, and it is traversed in all direc- 
tions by numerous veins of massive and crystallized 
quartz, massive hornstone, and sparry iron ore of an 
isabella yellow colour... An extensive bed of flinty-slate 
and lydian-stone rests upon it on the east side of the 
island Ujorbik. In Ameraglikfiord, in the 65° 4’, there 
is a small island, where the clay-slate forms small lay- 
ers in fine-grained granite, fine cubes of iron pyrites, 
with various truncations, occur in this slate, which is 
greatly decomposed. Some small islands in the south- 
east of Disko bay consist of clay-slate, with a variety of 
small beds and layers, viz. very ironshot hornblende- 
slate with small garnets, whet-slate, granular horn- 
blende and greenstone. This clay-slate may perhaps 
belong to the class denominated transition rocks. 
5. Porpuyry is very common in the south of Green- 
land, from Cape Farewell to the 64th degree of latitude; 
but it is generally found towards the interior of the con- 
tinent, forming insulated rocks, In the interior of the 
firth Igalikko, at Akulliaraseksoak, hornstone-porphy- 
ry is found, very distinctly stratified, and resting upon 
fine-grained granite, containing large erystals of reddish- 
white, flesh-red, and tile-red felspar, and another-rmine- 
ral of a talcose appearance, crystallised in six-sided 
prisms, and hitherto unknown. The mass of the por- 
phyry is brownish-red, and passes in some places into 
clay-stone, forming ¢lay-stone porphyry, the crystals 
then becoming less distinct. Hornstone porphyry, with 
a few very small crystals of felspar, occurs also in an ad- 
jacent firth called Tunugliarbik. This rock rests upon 
old red sandstone. The porphyry is very much decom- 
posed. It is of a brown-red colour, and called by the 
natives aay that is, blood-red rock. It con- 
tains smal) layers of a kind of brown-red iron ochre, 
GREENLAND. 
Greenland. part of the adjacent islands, are composed of mica slate, 
which the Greenlanders use as a dyeing material, toem- € 
bellish their utensils, and the interior of their houses; a 
species of luxury they have learned from the Europeans, 
6, Syznirs, and all the porphyritic rocks belonging to 
the primitive and transition trap-formation, are found 
in great abundance in this country. Hornblende is a 
mineral which occurs almost every where. A kind of 
coarse granular syenite, composed of coarse granular 
Labrador-felspar, and crystallized common hornblende, 
rests upon fine grained granite at the mountain Ileju- — 
tit, or Redekammen, in the 61st degree of latitude, in 
the neighbourhood of that extensive bed of sodalite, 
sahlite, and hornblende, which has been already men= 
tioned before. This Labrador-syenite occurs also at 
the mountain Kognek, in the 62d degree, upon 
nite of a coarser grain. In the vicinity of the mountaii 
Kognek, is a group of more than 50: islands, lying in 
a western direction, in Davis Strait, and called by the | 
natives Kittiksut; from kitta, west.’ ‘These islands form 
round-backed low hills, and consist of common felspar, 
of yellowish-brown and leek-green colours,and common 
hornblende of raven-black, and sometimes velvet-black 
colour, accompanied by small four-sided prismatic erys« 
tals of zirkon of red-brown, and purple-red colour, with 
fine-grained common magnetic iron-stone interspersed, 
and very little black mica. In some parts of the rock 
allanite occurs, of a pitch black colour. The rocks are 
somewhat ironshot, and disintegrated on their surface. 
Titanium iron ore is found in small layers, and fine gras 
nular chromate of iron. The rock itself has a striking res 
semblancetothe zirkon-syenite, found at Friedrichsweern 
and other places in Norway, and described by Von 
Buch, Esmark, and Hausmann. The neighbouring 
mountains have no trace of that rock. At Narksak in 
the vicinity of Baal’s river, brown titanite, or brunon, is 
found disseminated in syenite. 
Granular porphyritic one is found at Nunarsoit, 
(Cape of Desolation.) — Its stratification is not very dis- 
tinct. It contains very extensive beds of coarse grained, | 
tile-red felspar, and common magnetic iron-stone. . . 
7. Primirive Trap. pony es - The islands which 7, Prim 
lie between the 62° and 63° of latitude, present a very trap. 
complete series of the rocks that belong to the primitive 
trap formation. The greenstone first appears at Sakkak 
Pe Ujorbik in the mouth of Arksuts- , where clay= 
slate predominates, and extends from those islands to-« 
wards the east, that is, to the continent of Greenland, 
alternating with greenstone of a porphyritic structure, 
(porphyrartiger grunstein of Werner, ) and green pors 
phyry or verde antico. Another rock of slaty texture, 
consisting of compact felspar and hornblende, appears 
to be intermediate between hornblende slate and green« 
stone slate ; it is here the only rock which presents very 
distinct stratification. The greenstone slate covers un 
interruptedly both the greenstone and the por- 
phyry, and appears to belong to the’ transition 
stone formation; and perhaps the whole formation — 
should be referred to it. It probably extends farther 
to the interior of the continent, as the fragments which 
are thrown out from the continental ice have an ap« 
pearance exactly similar. Variolite is found there in 
small roundish rolled pieces. The greenstone, alter- 
nating with syenite, is found upon gneiss and mica 
slate, on the large island Nunarsoit. = 
8. Primitive Limestone, of fine granulartexture, is 8. Primiti 
found only in beds and rolled pieces, and occurs very sel- limest 
dom in Greenland. Its beds are confined to gneiss and 
mica slate, and it is mingled with minute leaves of silver- ¥ 
white mica, seldom with grains of quartz. It is genes. & 
