GRE 
Greenwich. sioner, according to the report of the commissioners of 
—Y~" naval enquiry, was estimated at L.'27 : 10: 9 per man ; 
and of the nurses, L.29, 15s. each, the total annual ex- 
pence being L. 69,206, 5s. The funds of the establish. 
ment are principally derived from a duty of sixpence 
per month, paid by every mariner, either in the king’s 
or merchant’s service; the forfeited estates of the Earl 
of Derwentwater, containing many valuable lead and 
other mines ; various benefactions from different sove- 
reigns, from parliament, and from private persons, from 
fines for offences committed on the Thames, from the 
half-pay of such of its officers as have regular salaries, 
and from other sources of less importance. 
Greenwich park, which is vested in the crown, was 
encircled with a wall by James I. and contains 188 
acres, It is planted chiefly with elms and Spanish 
chesnuts, some of which are of a very large size. In 
one part of the park are the remains of many ancient 
barrows, in some of which were found human bones, 
as heads, &c. The upper part of the park is con- 
siderably elevated above the Thames ; and on_ one of 
the eminences stands the Royal Observatory, which 
was built by Charles II. in 1675, on the site of the 
ancient tower erected by Duke Humphrey in the reign 
of Henry VI. It is built of brick, and is by no means 
an elegant structure ; but it contains excellent apart- 
ments for the Astronomer Royal, and commodious 
rooms for the admirable instruments, with which it is 
now furnished. Flamstead, the first Astronomer Royal, 
died in December 1719, and was succeeded by Dr 
Halley. Dr, Bradley succeeded upon the death of 
Halley in 1742, and died in 1762. Dr Bliss held the 
office for two years, and was succeeded in 1764 by 
Dr Maskelyne. Mr Pond, the present Astronomer 
Royal, suceeded Dr Maskelyne in 1811, and, by means 
of the fine mural circle constructed by Troughton, has 
already made a series of the most valuable observations, 
decidedly the most accurate that have been made in 
any of the other observatories of Europe. 
Greenwich 
park, 
Royal ob- 
servatory. 
* The following quotations, relative to the Rev. John Gregory of Drumoak, are taken from Spalding’s History of the Troubles in 
Scotland, from 1624 to 1645: 
** Upon the second day of June 1640, Mr John Gregory, minister at Drumoak, was brought into Monro by a party of soldiers: He 
‘was taken out of his naked bed upon the night, and his house pitifully plundered. 
house, having five musketeers watching him night and day, and sustained upon his own expences- No not his own wife could have 
At last he is fined to pay Major-General Monro 1100 merks, for his 
outstanding against the covenant, and syne got liberty to go; but in the General Assembly holden in July, he was nevertheless sim~- 
pliciter deprived, because he would not subscribe the covenant; and when all was done, he is forced to come in and yield to subscribe 
private conference with him,.so strictly was he there watched. 
the covenant. ‘ 
“* Next, Mr John Gregory having been summoned to appear before the General Assembly (1640), by and attour his being fined in 
1000 merks, as ye have before, was deposed from the ministry of Drumoak. The Laird of Drum deals for him, being his own pas- 
tor, and upon swearing and subscribing the covenant, and teaching penitentially, with great difficulty he was again restored (1641) to 
his own parish kirk. 
** Upon Thursday, the 15th of April 1641, being a presbytery day, Mr John Gregory, of whom ye heard before, teached a peniten- 
It was not found satisfactory by Mr James Hervie, Moderator, and the remanent members of the 
The brethren advised the same with the next Provincial Assembly, who 
found it not satisfactory, and therefore they ordained him ‘to preach penitentially at certain kirks, till he gave content to the next en- 
He was received and reinstated in his kirk (1641). : path, 
“* Upon Tuesday, the 6th of September 1642, Mr John Gregory, at the visitation of the kirk of New Aberdeen, teached most learn- 
edly upon the fourth-verse of the second chapter of the Colossians, and reprehended the order of our kirk, and new brought in points. 
Mr Andrew Cant, sitting beside the reader, as his use was, offended at this doctrine, quickly closed the reader’s book, and laid down 
the glass before it was run, thinking the minister should the sooner make an end 3 but he beheld and preached half an hour longer 
than the time. “Sermon being ended, the brethren conveen to their visitation, where Mr Andrew Cant impugned this doctrine, desi- 
, He answered, he would not only write, but print his preaching, if need so requi- 
red, and abide by all that he had teached as orthodox doctrine. ‘The brethren heard all, and had their own opinions, but without any 
More censure they dissolved, somewhat peturbed with Cant’s curiosity. 
** Upon Thursday he railed out in his sermon against the said Mr John Gregory’s doctrine, and on Sunday likewise. At last, by 
up of wine, they two were agreed, and settled, with small credit to Cant’s business.” 
Mr Gregory of Drumoak was one of the first persons:in Scotland who understood the use of the barometer as an instrument for 
‘Having one day observed that the-mercury was falling rapidly, he advised his ‘parishioners to remove the 
b of r low grounds on the banks of the river Dee. They immediately followed his advice, and when they found 
his prediction verified by an unusual rise of the river, they were naturally led to regard him as a being of a superior order. MrGre- 
tial sermon’ in New Aberdeen. 
Presbytery, and he was ordained to put the same in write. 
suing General Assembly ; which he obeyed. 
ring the said Mr John to put the same in write. 
mediation of the town’s baillies, at a c 
predicting the weather. 
sheaves of corn from the 
gory died about the year 1652, 
| 606 
GRE 
_ A farther account of the institution, and of the instrus 
ments it contains, will be found in our history of As= 
TRONoMy, and in the articles Crrcte and Oxsrva- © re 
TORY. ; “ 
The church of Greenwich is an elegant stone build- 
ing, and was erected in 1718. Greenwich contains 
two hospitals for poor people, and several schools for 
the education of the poor, and some excellent boarding 
schools, ; : 
The following is the population abstract for 1811, 
for the town of Greenwich : ae ea © 
Number of houses .... 0.2.0... 2,315 * 
Number of families... 2... 22... 3,276 © 
Ditto employed in agriculture ..... 0° 96 
Ditto in trade and manufactures ... 1,002 
Males) 30.97 OLS, 5 29. Se eee een 
Females 20055 6 0. 10 1a eee eee 
Total population .......0... 16,947 > 
GREGORIAN Catenpar. See Curonotocy. ~— 
GREGORIAN Tetescore. See Oprics. 
GREGORY, Sr Vincent. See Geometry. ort 
GREGORY, James, an eminent Scotch mathemati-« 
cian and natural philosopher, was born at Aberdeen in 
the month of November 1638. He was a son of the 
Rev. Mr John Gregory of Drumoak, in Aberdeenshire,” 
who was married to the daughter of Mr David Anders 
son of Finshaugh, the brother of Alexander Anderson, 
who was professor of mathematics at Paris: (See An< 
DERSON).. Having lost his father in the 13th year of his 
age, the charge of his education devolved upon his elder 
brother David Gregory, who put into his hand the Ele- 
ments of Euclid, and stimulated the ardour which he 
had begun to show for mathematical learning. After 
having completed his philosophical studies at the Ma. 
rischal College of Aberdeen, James Gregory directed 
his particular attention to the subject of optics, and he 
published the results of his labours in a work entitled 
He was closely keeped in Skipper Anderson’s 
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