GRE 
Grenoble. Lines of red hot charcoal were laid in their way, to 
——Y— which they crowded in such numbers, as to extinguish 
it with their bodies ; and holes full of fire were dug in 
the cane grounds, which were soon extinguished by 
heaps of dead. But, while the nests remained undis- 
turbed, new progenies appeared as numerous as ever ; 
and the only effectual check which they received, was 
from the destructive hurricane of 1780, which, by tear- 
ing up altogether, or so loosening the roots where they 
nestled, as to admit the rain, almost extirpated the whole 
race, and pointed out the frequent digging up and con- 
suming by fire of those stools and roots in which they 
take refuge,.as the best preventative of their future in- 
crease. See Edward's History of the West Indies, vol. 1.5 
Abbé Raynal’s History of the Indies, vol. v. ; and 'Gray’s 
Letters from Canada, p. 379. (q) 
GRENOBLE, a city of France, the capital of the 
former province of Dauphiny, and, under the late go- 
vernment, the chief town of the arrondissement or 
district of Grenoble, and of the department of the 
Isere. This city stands at the confluence of the 
rivers Drac and Isere, the latter dividing it into two 
unequal parts ; the former, which is crossed by a bridge 
with a single lofty arch, is liable to overflow its banks, 
and commit considerable devastation both in the:city 
and itsenvirons. Grenoble is situated at the foot-of the 
Alps, in an agreeable country, abounding in wood and 
water, but of a climate so variable, that the thermome- 
ter sometimes ranges’through nearly 30° in a day: the 
greatest heat is from the 10th of July to the 15th of 
August, and the greatest cold from the 20th of Decem- 
ber to the 20th of January The city stands 900 feet 
above the level of the sea, and the medium height of 
the barometer is 27 inches two lines. Nine-tenths of 
the city are on the left bank of the Isere, constituting 
the portion chiefly exposed to inundations, several of 
which have done much damage, and the water has been 
known to rise three feet deep in the streets. 
Grenoble is surrounded by- a wall, and is command- 
ed by a citadel ; but, unless its fortifications have been 
lately au ; 
Within the walls, its area occupies about 64,000 square 
feet. It consists of 1200 or 1300 houses, and is inha- 
bited by 23,500 souls, according to recent computa- 
tions, for those of older date increase that population 
above a fifth, The streets are broad, and tolerably re- 
golst ; and the houses, in general well built, consist of 
‘our or five stories. There are several fine public edi- 
fices, particularly the Episcopal palace, and that where- 
in the parliament. formerly held its sittings. Among 
the charitable institutions which sufficiently illustrate 
the disposition of the citizens, the general hospital is 
the chief, and is governed by directors selected from 
the most distinguished of the inhabitants. . The build- 
ing, which is very spacious, is appropriated for incu- 
rables ; persons insane ; the indigent, who commonly 
amount to 400; and the foundlings of the city, about 
150 in number, are also received here. This institution 
occupies an inclosure to the south-east of the city, and 
adjoining to it is the military hospital. In the hospital 
of Providence there are 60 beds, and in the hospital of 
the Ladies of Charity, for females, there are 20; besides 
which institutions, there is a poor’s house jin the’su- 
burbs. Grenoble has also a museum of the arts, and 
a botanical garden well managed. A garrison, con- 
sisting of asmall body of troops, is kept here. 
The principal manufactures of this city, are woollen 
cloths, muslins, hats, and particularly gloves, the prin- 
cipal towns of France, Spain, Italy, and Britain being 
3 
514 
nted, it is not considered a strong-place. ~ 
“ey of all the prevalent diseases to terminate in 
"arising from local circumstances, by 
\ ‘ 
GRE 
supplied with them. Marble cutting is also carried on 
to some extent, for which purpose there are mills driven Gt 
by water from the adjoining rivers. Di: epaet 
Grenoble is the see of a bishop who formerly arroga< 
ted the title of Prince of Grenoble, ‘and enjoyed those 
peculiar privileges, which, in less enlightened 
were reserved almost exclusively for ecclesiastics. mee 
sides the parish churches, there are several monastic in< 
stitutions. , 
Grenoble is celebrated for the complaisance and po- 
lished manners of its inhabitants, many of whom have 
shewn a distinguished taste for letters. Condillae and 
Mably, well known among the modern literati of 
were both natives of this place. It has also to boast of 
having given birth to the Chevalier Bayard, ‘character- 
ised by his sovereign Francis I. as one sans peur et sans 
reproche, and who, if we are to’eredit history, 
defended the narrow pass of a bridge against 200 horse- 
men. The Baron Adrets, a sanguinary chief of the 
Huguenots, during the wars for the reformation of re- 
ligion, was born here, and distinguished himself by his 
cruelty on the miserable prisoners who fell into his _ 
ower, 
As the site of this city is elevated only 15 feet above 
nidity pre- 
the level of the river Isere, an unusual 
vails, which is the source of many serious 
ing at the 
of a plain, extending over a 0 ae league, and fae o 
stant humidity and the mud ree by its tranquil | 
, are inconveniences. 
bitants ; but they excite less attention than the tenden- 
2 
a 7 
It has been proposed to counteract the deleterious effects _ 
drain off the stagnant waters, and Bx ok at the same ~ 
time would prey the overflowing of the river ; as also 
to deepen the bed of the Isere, in order to give it a 
stronger current. i VR 
Grenoble has subsisted from a very ancient peri 
and was known by the name of Cularo, under which it 
is designed in a letter from Plancus to Cicero. It is 
said to have been called Gratianopolis from the Roman ~ 
emperor Gratian ; but since the period when it was 
possessed by the Allobroges, and when it was denomi- 
nated a city, it'repeatedly- its’ masters. After 
various revolutions, dauphiny came under the dominion 
of the kings of France, and Louis XI. instituted a par- - 
liament in Grenoble, founded on the model of the per . 
liament of Paris, since which Me) it has i an 
integral part of the kingdom. (e 
GRETNA, or Gaarrney Green, is the name-of’a 
village and parish in Scotland, in the county of Dum- 
fries. The village of Gretna, whichis the first stage'in 
oing from Longtown in prs ame Aman in Scot 
and, is built on each sidé ofthe road; and has, for more 
than 70 years, been famous as a place for the celebras 
tion of the clandestine’ marriages of ae lovers. 
This ceremony was generally performed by a black- 
— 
ng a canal to _ 
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