; 
| 
| 
F 
H 
——— 
GRE 
» smith or tobacconist, and the number of marriages have 
been calculated at 65, which in an annual in- 
come of about £1000, at the rate of 15 guineas each. 
The remains of an oval druidical temple, occupying 
about half an acre of ground, has been discovered at 
Mains. The mansion house of Gretna hall has 
been fitted up by the proprietor the Earl of Hoptoun 
as an inn. “The population of the parish, in 1811, was 
1749. 
GREW, Newemian, a celebrated botanist, was born 
at Co» , about the year 1628, and was the son of 
Dr Obadiah Grew, vicar of St Michaels. At the re- 
storation of Charles II. being a non-conformist, he 
went abroad, and his studies at a foreign 
university, where he took the degree of Doctor of Me- 
dicine. his return to Englund he settled at Co- 
yentry, and, in the year 1664, his attention was first di- 
to the anatomy of plants ; and he was encouraged 
to in this branch of natural history by his bro- 
ther-in-law Dr Henry Samson, who poitited out to him 
@ passage in Glisson’s work De Herpate, in which this 
subject is represented:as an unexplored, but promising 
line of study.. In the year 1670, Dr Sampson, who 
had seen the first book of Grew’s Anatomy uf Plants, 
it into the hands of Oldenburg, who gave it to Dr 
Wilkins, ees Chester, by whom the manuscript 
was read to Royal Society, under the title of a 
j ical History of Plants. This work was high- 
ved of, was: pri by. that distinguish- 
ed body in 1671, under the title of the of Ve- 
begun, with a general Account of Vegetation 
unded thereon. In consequence of the reputation which 
this work ired for its author, Grew was invited to 
settle in , where he arrived in 1671.; and, wpon 
the recommendation of Dr Wilkins, he was elected a 
Fellow of the Royal Society, and admitted on the 30th 
November 1671. At the suggestion of the same learn- 
ed divine, Grew was appointed curator to the Royal 
Society for the anatomy of plants, which led him to 
draw up the 2d, 3d, and 4th Parts of his work, and the 
various lectures on the same sr wired mene a part 
of his Anatomy of Plants. All papers were com- 
posed between the years 1670 and 1676, and were read 
at various meetings of the Royal Socie' ee They were 
afterwards collected in 1682, with 83 plates, and pub- 
lished in a folie volume, under the title of the Anatomy 
of Plants, a work full of the most important facts in 
le physiology. 
nthe year 1673, Dr Grew published in the Trans- 
actions, a paper, entitled Observations on Snow, in which 
he:supposes, that the snowy particles are formed by the 
_ drops of rain containing spirituous particles, and meet- 
ing in their descent. with others of a saline, partly ni- 
trous, but chi urinous or acido-salinous nature. In 
the year 1677, he was appointed to the Royal 
Society, in which capacity he published the Phi/. Trans. 
from January 1678 to February 1679. In the year 
1680, he was made an os tun a fellow of the Coll 
of Physicians, and attained to considerable practice in 
Se Gemminiie epitvatiaigae of : 
Grew upa the natural and ar- 
tificial rarities ing to the Royal Society, and 
preserved at Gresham | which was published in 
1681 in folio, with the title of Musewm Regalis Socie- 
tatis, containing 22 plates. It was accompanied with 
another work, entitled the Comparative Anatomy of Sto- 
machs and Guts begxun, being several lectures read be- 
he description of the 
' fore the Royal Society in 1676. 
; Seibedtipagh bps viet from mistakes, is a 
515 
GRI. 
work of merit, and is remarkable for an ingenious 
scheme or disposition of shells. 
_ The other papers which he printed in the Transac- 
tions, were 
The Description and Use of the Pores in the Skin of 
the Hands and Feet. Phil. Trans. 1684. 
Some Observations on a diseased Spleen, 1d. 1691. 
Description of the American Tomineius, or Humming 
Bird, Id. 1693. , 
On the Food of the Humming Bird, 1d. 1693. 
A Demonstration of the Number of Acres in England 
— South Britain, and the use which may be made of it, 
1711. 
One of the last works of Dr Grew, was his Cosmo- 
aphia Sacra, or a Discourse of tie Universe, as it is the 
Jreaiure and Kingdom of G The principal object 
of this work, was to demonstrate the truth and excel- 
lence of the sacred writings. The works of Dr Grew 
were translated into Pretiely and Latin. He died after 
a short illness on the 25th of March 1711, about the 
8%d year of his age. 
GRIDIRON Penputum. See Horotoey. 
GRIES, is a mountain of Switzerlands situated in the 
Alpine chain which separates Piedmont from the Upper 
Vallais. The road over this mountain leads from Ober« 
ghestelen, in the Vallais, to Domo d’Ossola, in the Val-« 
Maggia, and to Locarno. This road rises to the height 
of 7336 feet, and traverses a glacier a quarter of a 
league wide, and blackened by the dust of the mica 
slate. The distance from Oberghestelen to Formazza, 
at the southern foot of the Gries, is 73 leagues. The 
descent of the Gries is by four different terraces or val- 
lies. The first is called Bettelmatte, celebrated for its 
fine cheese, and for the small lake from which the 
Toccia, or Tosa, issues. The second valley is called 
Morast, and from this the road descends by a very steep 
path to a third valley, occupied by the hamlet of the 
Auf der Frout, where the valley of the Toccia, or the 
Dolgia, commences. Another steep declivity conducts 
to the south valley, called Froutval, which is celebrated 
for the cataract of the Tosa, or Toccia, which, excepting 
the fall of the Rhine, is reckoned the most magnificent 
in Switzerland. It is about 300 or 400 feet high, and 
forms a species of pyramid, whose base is extremely 
wide, while its summit is only 4 or 5 feet in breadth. 
The rock is inclined about 140° or 150° to the horizon. 
This cataract is surrounded on all sides with lofty rocks, 
crowned with wood. The southern side of the Gries 
is inhabited by Germans as far as the village of Foppi- 
ano. The south side of the mountain is composed of 
gneiss, of veined granite, and of mica slate. In the 
valley of Egino, there are beds of potstone, which are 
wrought about a quarter of a league on the east side 
of the bridge. Slates occur to the south, and lower down 
the mica slate appears. The first valley is com 
of gneiss and calcareous strata. Below the second val- 
ley, rocks of argillaceous schistus stretch to the north- 
east ; and, on the other side, are rocks of a ferrugineous 
aspect. All the rocks trom the north to the south, as 
far as Pommat, lie in strata almost vertical, in the di- 
rection from north-east to south-west. “See [bel’s 
Manuel, §c. 
GRIMALDI, Francis Marta, a learned Italian Je- 
suit, was born in the year 1619, and cultivated the 
sciences’ along with his friend Riccioli. Grimaldi was 
the first person that observed the lengthening of the 
solar image when refracted by a prism ; and he is prin- 
cipally known for his discovery of the diffraction of 
light ; a subject which was afterwards examined by Sir 
