Oo 7.5 
g¢ mafner: When the communities send instruc- 
‘ tions, the secretary reads them aloud, and the votes 
re taken from these instructions. In all resolutions 
€ ing which instruetions rion <prop = de- 
ties may vote as please ; but these resolutions 
ar Ipeck coche verter unities. For this 
"purpose, a congress is held in” or March at 
f , consisting of the thrée chief's and three deputies 
from each league, for the purpose of receiving the votes 
‘of the different communities relative to the questions 
- “referred to them at the preceding diet. The three chiefs, 
and tlie other members of congress, receive 54 florins, 
~ about £ 4, to defray their expences. The deputies to 
thi ipevieral diet receive a salary, which never exceeds 
five sd he athe j 
© "The three chiefs meet three times in the year at Coire, 
_. ‘and send information to the different communities re- 
~ ‘gpecting the subjects of discussion at the general diet. 
The Roman law, modified by municipal customs, 
prevails in the three leagues. It a mi the con- 
‘curring testimony of several travellers, that the adminis- 
_ tration of justice, i sas the civil and seven ge —_ 
is very imperfect. — j are ble ‘ing 
bribed ; and confessions he GiedAee ay tondite: 
The public chamber of justice, called the Stratige- 
, is a court composed of ten judges out of every 
e, and 20 advocates. “It is assembled, by’ a de- 
made by the peasants to the general diet, and is 
paramount to all law, ‘There is no appeal from the de- 
cisions of this inquisitorial tribunal. The worst effects 
resulted from the meeting of this court, but’ fortunately 
it is now gone into disuse, . bl oube 
» ‘The Catholic and Protestant religions both prevail in 
-* the Grisons. The Protestants form about two-thirds 
of the population. There are 135 Protestant parishes, 
' viz. 58 in the League of God’s House, 46 in the Grey 
League, and 36 in the League of Ten Jurisdictions. 
The livings are from £6 to £25 per annum. The 
clergy are here obliged to increase their income by traf- 
fic ; and their poverty isrendered more me aa 
_ ‘their dependence, as they aré generally chosen by the 
people. Several of the ministers are, however, very 
ble, and well informed. The Protestants are 
educated at Zurich and Basle ; andthe Catholics at Mi- 
lan, Pavia, or Vienna. A Latin school was established 
at Coire for the children of the’ burghers; and another 
in 1763, for those iftended for the church. » 
“The expenditure of the government consists merely in 
tHe salaries‘of the deputies, arid‘in the éxperices incur! 
red at the sitting of the diet, The revenues are drawn 
frort the duties upon merchandize, which passes through 
the canton of the depetident states, and was farmed at 
17,000 florins, or £1259 : from fines upon delinquents ; 
from a tribute of 500 Philips, or £125, from the Val- 
ine; atid 100 Philips, or £ 25, froni Chiavenna ; and 
‘the interést of a sinall stim, the principal ‘pat ‘of 
, viz. £4000, was vested in the British funds. 
; sii ‘commerce of As vey ‘ite Pe 
cipal exports are cheese atid cattle, and some 
vee deenar coal, to Milan. Be care of the cate 
principal employment of the peasantry. ‘The can- 
‘ton possesses 3000 Head of gr t cattle} about 30,000 
cows, from 60,000 to 70,000 goats, ahd nedily 100,000 
ep, which come ann ay a Tey "ts toed pts 
‘the fine pastures of the Grisons: The cattle of the Pret- 
; tigau are the finest breed. . Vines| are cultivated ‘in the 
a es on the northern and southern frontiers. 
ts The imports of the Grisons, are grain, rice, salt, and 
ey .X. PART IL, ’ te : 
ng ea Raine ses ~ 
on 
‘of z 
GRISONS. 
521 
silk stuffs, from Milan; grain from Suabia and the Ty- 
rol; salt from the 
rol and Bavaria; fine linens and 
muslins from Switzerland ; and English, French, and 
Silesian fine cloth through Germany. The only manu- 
factory in the country, 1s that of cotton at Coire. The 
trade of the Grisons, and the sabject provinces, is car- 
‘ried on with Milan across the Lake of Como, by its 
braneli the lake of Lecco, by the river Adda, and by 
the canals of the Adda and the Trezzo. 
Grisdh:. 
The Italian, German, arid Romansh languages, prevail Languag 
in ‘the Grison territory, The inhabitants of Pregalin 
and Puschiavo, and of the vallies of Misox and Calan- 
k the Milanese dialect of the Italian tongue, 
ca, § 
The inhabitants of the Ten Jurisdictions, with the ex- 
‘ception of a few villages ; those of the League of God’s 
House, at Avers, Coire, and the four Villages ; those 
‘of the Grey League, at Splugen, Cepina, and other vil- 
lages of the Rhinwald; at Valts, in the valley of St 
Pedro ; at Tousis, Reichenau, Feldsperg, Tamins, Mey- 
erhof, Versam, and Valendros. 
Thé Romansh, or Rhetian language. is the vernacu- 
lar tongue throughout the greater portion-of the Gri- 
; tory. It was formerly spoken at Coire, and 
the adjacent districts, and as far as Inspruck in the Ty- 
tis divided into two tats ialects ; the one 
e Grey League; and the 
son terri 
rol. 
called Cialover, spoken in t 
other Ladin, in that of ,God’s House. 
derived from the Latin: 
These dialects 
vary both in pronunciation and orthography, and they 
have a great affinity to the Latin, and other languages 
Planta seems to have proved, 
that the Romansh of the Grisons is the same with the 
ancient Roniansh, called Lingua Romana, the mother of 
It was the earliest language de- 
the French tongue. 
rived from the colloquial Latin, and was understood in 
Italy, in the Morea, and at Constantinople, having been 
universally diffused throughout the south of Europe in 
the 11th and 12th centuries. 
‘The antiquities in the Grisons are very numerous. 
There are no fewer than 180 castles and ruins of the 
middle ages.’ : 
' Mr Coxé reckons the population of the Grisons at 
98,000. . ees 
. The Grey League contains .-... 54,000 souls. 
eof God's House ....-,- 29,000 
League of Ten Jurisdictions 15,000 
eled ey wnketh wi sheantt oe 98,000 
‘In the year 1806, the population was 73,862, viz. 
+ Protestants. 4 .le e+ oe «ie « 44982 
Catholics 5) «6 nj9 eenserne ee f+ 28,880 
me 7 => | . 73,862 
' Orthey may bé divided into 
1, Germans. < ise nce cere s . . + 38,000 | 
2 who speak thé ancient 
tian language ....,. . 36,065 
; Seana: ain anbee ick 2 «s 9797 
Total population 73,862 
ow vsiw J 
~“Phis'thumber is’ exclusive of the yous formerly 
abject to the’ Grisons. See Coxe’s 
land, vol. ii ; Ebel’s 2 dun Voya, 
avels in Switzer- 
en Suisse, 
passiin ; and Plarita’s' Adcottnt'of the Romansh Language, 
in the Philosophical’ Transactions for 1776, 
Bie tb ccbomnetpagt 
vol. ixvi. 
Antiquities. 
Population, 
