Guiana 
i 
Guildford. 
—— 
GUI 
ets, knives, scissars, looking-glasses, fish-hooks, combs, 
needles, pins, beads, &c. One of their favourite pur- 
chases is rum, which they swallow with eagerness till 
they become completely intoxicated ; but it is generally 
observed, that one half of the party keep themselves 
sober to watch their drunken. friends, who afterwards 
perform the office of guards in their turn. Sometimes 
they bring down the prisoners whom they have taken 
in war, and sell them as slaves; but these captives 
serve only for show, as they absolutely refuse to work; 
-and, if treated harshly, particularly if beaten, they pine 
:and languish, refusing even to take food, till they finally 
. die of want or dejection. 
The native Indians have a 
strong dislike of the negroes, whom they regard with 
‘contempt as an inferior race, and are generally ready to 
-render assistance to the colonists in suppressing insur- 
rections among the slaves, or apprehending the run- 
aways. It is strongly recommended that every induce- 
ment should be offered to encourage their intercourse 
with the settlements; and that fairs should be held, at 
certain fixed seasons, for their barter trade, which 
~might thus be greatly increased to the mutual advan- 
.side of the high street. 
tage of both parties. 
See Depon’s Travels in South America; Pinckard’s 
Notes on the West Indies ; Bolingbroke’s Voyage lo the 
Demerary ; Stedman’s Narrative ofihe Expedition against 
the Revolied Negroes of Surinam; Bancroft’s Natural 
History of Guiana ; and Letters to Dr Pitcairn, publish- 
ed in 1766. (q) 
GUIDO. See Ruent. 
GUILDFORD, a borough and market town of Eng- 
land, in Surrey. It is the county town, and is situated 
on the side of a considerable chalk hill on the east bank 
of the Wey. This river is crossed by a stone bridge of 
five arches, which was lately widened with brick, and the 
centre arch enlarged to allow barges to pass. The town 
is large and well built, and consists principally of one 
excellent and spacious street, which, from the declivity 
of its situation, is particularly striking to strangers. 
Guildford contains three parish churches. Trinity 
church is situated on the top of the hill, and on the south 
The foundation stone was laid 
in 1740, and it was completed in 1763, It is a hand- 
some brick structure, 82 feet ‘long, and 523 broad. 
The tower, which is also of brick, is about 90 feet 
high, and contains eight bells. St Mary’s church is a 
very rude and ancient building, consisting of chalk, 
flint, pebbles, and rubble stones, coarsely put together. 
St Nicholas’s church, which stands on the west bank 
of the Wey, is an ancient building of chalk and stone. 
The other public buildings and institutions are the hos- 
pital, the free grammar school, the town or guildhall, 
the theatre, and the gaol. The hospital, built in 1619, 
is a brick building, inclosing a quadrangular space’ of 
66 feet-broad, and 63 deep, with a noble tower gate, 
with four turrets, at its entrance. It was founded by 
George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury, for the main- 
tenance of a master, twelve brethren, and eight sisters. 
The free grammar school, built of brick and stone, was 
built in.1557, and is 65 feet long and 22 broad. The 
town or guildhalJ, is a spacious building, with a turret 
on the top. It was erected in 1683, and is 44 feet long. 
, The hall was formerly used.at the assizes ; but in 1789, 
Lord Onslow and Lord Grantley purchased the Red 
Lion Inn, and on one-part of the ground erected a room 
40 feet long, 30 broad, and 20 high, in which the 
judges now sit. The theatre was built near this room a 
546 M 
few years ago. The gaol, rebuilt of stone in 1765, is Guildford, 
GUI 
near St Mary’s church. There is also here a charity G 
school, a Roman Catholic chapel, and meeting houses for 
the Baptists, Presbyterians, and Quakers: a cold bath was 
erected at a house near the bridge, by Lord Grantley in 
1775. There is a fine circular race course about two 
miles east of the town. A plate of 100 guineas, given 
by William III. and three subscription plates, exclu« 
sive of matches, are run for in Whitsun week. The 
castle of Guildford, one of the principal objects in 
the town, is situated about 300 yards southward of the 
high street. The keep is now the chief that re- 
mains. It is a quadrangle 47 feet by 454, and 70 feet 
high. The walls are ten feet thick. On the west side 
of the keep may be seen the outer gate of the castle, 
The ruins occupy at present about ve acres. In the 
chalky cliff on which the castle is situated, is a series of 
caverns. One of these caverns is 45 feet by 20 wide, 
and 9 feet high. This town formerly enjoyed a consider« 
able share of the clothing trade ; but a small part of it 
only remains. The trade of the place consists chiefly 
in sending soaben and com to London by the Wey, and 
in supplying the surrounding villages with their requi« 
site cneudion A ag i a has ‘ately 
been made with Brighton and the coast of Sussex by a 
turnpike road to Horsham, and a fund has been raised 
for joining the river Wey and the Arun, so as to forn a 
navigable line from London to the sea at Little Hamp-« 
ton. 
The town is supplied with water by means of an en- 
gine, which discharges it into a reservoir at the foot of 
Poyle hill, from which it is carried by pipes to the 
houses of the inhabitants. 
The following is the population abstract for the 
borough for 1811. 
Inhabited houses . . 2. . . . . 405 
Number of families . 2... .>. 596 
Families employed in agriculture . . = 46 
Do. in trade and manufactures . . . 434 
Males #5 s JON PRFoORD yt O) SRT 
Females 9s hee Ye Ha, eNO 
Total population . . 2... . 2974 
Increase since 1801 . . . . .. 840 
Seethe Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xiv.p. 251. 
GUILLOTINE, is the name of an instrument of 
death, invented by Dr Guillotin of Lyons, a member 
of the National Assembly of France, and used during 
all the horrors of the French revolution. M. Louis, a 
celebrated surgeon in Paris, is said to have been re-. 
warded with 2000 livres for a dissertation on the ad- 
vantages of the guillotine; and the inventor himself , 
suffered death by his own instrument in the reign of 
Robespierre. 
The hands of the sufferer being tied behind his back, 
he is fixed to a plank standing vertically, not reaching 
higher than his neck. This plank ‘is suddenly bron 
by machinery into a horizontal position, and moved 
low the loaded axe, which descends with a slanting 
edge, and severs the head from the body. 
An instrument of a similar kind seems to have been 
first used at Halifax in Yorkshire. It was introduced 
into Scotland under the name of the Maiden. by the 
Regent Morton, who accidentally saw it in use when 
ing through Halifax ; and one of these instruments 
is still to be seen in Edinburgh, in the Museum of the 
Society of the Antiquaries of Scotland, 
