Gums. 
556 
contrary effect is produced by north-west; and west 
winds. : 
The Gulf Stream passes at the distance of about 75 
miles from the coast of the southern states of America. 
This distance, however, augments, as it advances north- 
wards. Its common velocity is) about three miles.an 
hour, and it takes about 20 days to run from Cape Flo-° 
rida to Newfoundland. 
See Franklin’s Maritime Observations in the Transac- 
tions of the American Philosophical Society, vol. ii. p. 
$14, This paper contains a chart of the Gulf Stream, 
rincipally from the observations of Captain Folger. 
lngden. On the Heat of the Water in the Gulf Stream 
in the Phil. Trans, 1781, page 334. Pownall’s Hy- 
draulic and Nautical. Observations, 4to, London, 1787. 
This last work also contains a-chart of the Gulf Stream. 
Rennel, Phil. Trans. 1793, vol. Ixxxiii, p. 8. Hum- 
boldt’s Political Essay on the Kingdom of New Spain, 
vol. i. p. 53; and Humboldt’s Voyage to the Tropics, 
vol. ii, chap.i,. Young’s Natural Philosophy, vol. i. 
p- 587; and Morse’s Geography. See also Puysica 
Geography. 
GUMS... See Cuemistry, vol, vi. p. 108, 121—128. 
Gum Amber. See Amber, and)Cuemistry, p. 124. 
Gum Ammoniac. .See Curmistry, page 128. . This 
gum should be chosen full of drops or tears, dry, brit- 
tle, easily softened. by the. fire, reducible to a white 
powder, and of a sharp taste and smell. When thrown 
on live coals, the drops should burn away in a flame. 
In 1804, the quantity imported by the East India Com- 
y was 81 cwt. and the price per cwt. £3, 11s. id. 
In 1805, the quantity was 333 cwt. and the price £41, 
12s, 2d. In 1806, 81 cwt. were imported at the priceof 
£1, 8s. 2d. And in 1807, 59 ewt. wereimported at the 
price of £1, 15s. : 
Gum, Anime. See Cuemistry, p. 123. This gum 
should be chosen in large pieces, clear and transparent. 
When laid on a red hot iron it melts, flames; and'burns 
quickly away with a fragrant smell, leaving a few light 
coloured ashes. _ Small dark coloured and opaque pieces 
should be rejected. The quantity imported by the 
East India Company from 1804 to 1808, was 
Average Price 
Cwt. per Cwt. 
1804 166 £6 811 
1805 452 7 5 8 
1806 = 268 419 2 
1807 986 4 6 7 
1808 1099 115 3 
This gum is often sold for gum copal. 
Gum Arabic. See Commerce A89 v. p. 108. In 
choosing this gum, great care should be taken that it is 
not mixed with another kind of gum, generally in larger 
pieces, which, instead of dissolving completely in wa- 
ter, only swells in it. The following quantities were im« 
ported by the East India Company from 1804 to 1808 : 
Average Price 
Cwt. per Cwt. 
1804 1767 £412 1 
1805 3931 4 111 
1806 1534 217 8 
1807 6565 2 610 
1808 1382 2 3 3 
Gum Assafelida. See Curmistry, p- 128, Theuse 
vf this gum was introduced by the Arabians about 1000 
years ago, It. should be chosen clear, fresh, prt 
GUMS. : a 
scented, and of a pale reddish colour. | When broken, 
it should have a resemblance to marble ; and by expo-' 
sure to the air, it should turn of a violet red colour. 
That which is soft, black, and foul, is adulterated. The 
following quantities were imported by the East India 
Company from 1804 to 1808: aM roy 
Average Price 
Cw. per Cwt, 
1804 141 £315 2 
1805 157 6 J1..2 
1806 82 312 8 ; 
1807 40 312 6 
1808 .72 317.9 
ly in vinegar. 
Gum from Botany Bay. See Curmisrry, p. 123. 
Gum Caoutchouc. See Caovrcnovc, ‘and Cremis< 
Try, Sect. xxvi. p: 126. sean di. 
Gum Cherry Tree. See Gum Prunus Avium. 
Gum Copal. See’ Cuemisrry, p. 123. — 
“Gum Dragon’s Blood. See Gum Sanguis Draconis, 
Gum Dragon, See Gum Tragdcanth © 
Gum Elemi. See Cuemistry, p. 123. This gum is 
obtained from the East Indies, as well as from Car 
and Spanish America. The East India elemi is semi- 
transparent, of a pale yellow colour inclining to green, 
and is bought in cakes of 2 or 3 lbs. each, wrapped uy 
in flag leaves. That which is soft, with a strong sm 
and a bitterish taste, is the best. The hard and dark 
coloured is never, good. Remitnc: wi. 
Gum Euphorbium, is the concrete resinous juice of a 
prickly shrub, which grows in Malabar and varic parts 
of India. The ineeigeliviy shaped tears of which it con- 
sists, sometimes enclose thorns, twigs, &c. The best 
kind is dry, clear, and of a bright light yellow colour ; 
and is so sharp to the taste, that a cual 
short time in the mouth will inflame it. 
Gum called Frankincense. See Gum Olibanum. 
Gum Galbanum. See Curmisrry, p. 127, and GaL- 
BANUM. 
Gum Gamboge, or Gumgutt. See Curmistry, page 
128, and re an : ; 
Gum Guiacum, See Cuemistry, Sect. xxiv. Pp. 124, 
Gum ee the same as Gum Olibanum, which see, 
Gum Labdanum. See Curmistry, p. 123, and Las« 
DANUM. . ‘ 
Gum Lac. See Cuemistry, p. 123, and Lac. 
Gum Manna. See Curmistry, p. 108. 
Gum Mastich. See CuemistTRY, page 122, and Mas 
TICH. f aan a 
Gum Myrrh. See Curmistry, p. 128, and Myrru. 
Gum Olibanum, or Frankincense. See Cuemistry, 
p- 128, and OxipAnoM. 7 
Gum Opium. See Cuemistry, Sect. xviii, p. 117, 
and Opium. : 
Gum Opoponax.” See Cunmistiy, p. 128, and Opo~ 
PONAX. warn? é ow 
Gum Prunus Avium. See Cuemistry, p. 109.. 
Gum Sagapenum, See SacareNnom. 
piece held a. 
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