HAL 
igh, in his Additions to Camden; informs us, “ that 
the itants within Hardwicke forest claimed a 
i. be tke custom from time immemorial, that if a felon 
taken with to the amount of 131d. stolen 
within their. liberty, after being carried before the 
rds bailiff, and tried by four frith-burghers, from four 
wns within the said precinct, he was, on condemna- 
tion, to be executed on the next market-day, after 
‘having been set in the stocks first ; and after his execu- 
, a coroner was to take the verdict of a jury, and 
sometimes of those who condemned him.” e instru- 
ment used in these executions was one exactly the same 
as the modern guillotine, which was freely used against 
the robber of tenter grounds: (See Guittotinr.) The 
last execution under the “ Halifax gibbet law,” as it has 
been called, took place in 1650. The bailiff was after- 
wards threatened with prosecution, if he should repeat 
them. According to the census of 1811, the town- 
ship of Halifax contains 
ps 
Inhabited houses . 2. . 2. . . . 2151 
Number of families. eee] raat Ss 
Do. employed in agriculture. . . 8 
: Do. in trade and manufactures . . 2261 
gg dia alg A es PR er a Sa ere”) Re 
y Females a 46 * ae . . . . 5008 
x Total population 9159 
. See Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xvi. p. 742. 
HALIFAX is the principal town of the county of the 
"same name in Nova Scotia, one of the British possessions 
in North America. It is situated on the Bay of Che- 
bucto, which is very spacious, and is able to contain, 
- in perfect security, 1000 of the largest vessels. The 
town, which is about two miles long, and one-fourth 
‘of a mile broad, is situated on the west side of the har- 
bour, on the declivity of a commanding eminence, ele- 
vated 236 feet above the level of the sea. In conse- 
quence of the streets intersecting each other at right 
les, the houses are arranged into oblong squares. 
The Royal Naval Yard, supplied with military stores 
of all kinds, stands at the north end of the town. The 
accessible nature of the harbour, and its proximity to 
the principal interior settlements of the province, ren- 
der it the fittest place in British America for a seat of 
overnment. Halifax is entrenched with forts of tim- 
ber. The country around the town is rocky, and the 
_ soil unfit for cultivation. The imports of Great Britain 
alone, into the single port of Halifax, amounted, in 
fhery f £600,000. In vty and he the whale 
fi from the port of Halifax employed 28 sail of 
ships and brigs from 60 to 200 ja burthen. The 
principal exports from Halifax, are the fish caught upon 
its coasts, great quantities of which are sent to the 
West India islands. The amount of tonnage employed 
_ in the trade to and from the West India islands, and en- 
tered at the custom-house of Halifax, was, in 1792, 
* 64893 tons outwards, and 6571} tons inwards. Roads 
are opened from Halifax to all the settlements in the 
Peprince. Population, 1000 houses, and 8000 inha- 
itants. Some accounts state the population so high as 
15,000 or 16,000, West Long. 63° 35! 45”, North 
Lat, 44° 44/. See Morse’s Geography; Raynal’s His- 
tory of the East and West Indies ; Gray’s Letters from 
Canada; and Nova Scorta. 
_HALIOTIS. | See Concuoxoey, vol. vii. p. 66. 
- HALLE, is a town of Prussia, in the duchy of Mag- 
‘deburg. It is situated on an agreeable plain on the ri- 
ver Saale, This town is divided into four quarters, and 
605 
' 
H A.L 
wae three Lutheran ‘churches, and also places of Haller. 
orship for the Calvinists and the Roman Catholics, and a -"y—" 
for the Jews. The principal edifices and ° 
curiosities of the town are, the cathedral ; the red tower, 
which rises 268 Rhenish feet ; he church of St Ulrice, 
where there is a fine monument erected to the celebrated 
Bulle d’Or of the Emperor Frederick II. ; the orphans 
payneien Hoffinan; the hotel de ville, which contains the 
ospital ; the amphitheatre of anatomy, situated in the 
place d’Armes ; the public library; the’ ruins of the 
chateau of Giebichenstein, from one of the windows of 
which the Landgrave of Thuringia threw himself, and 
received the title of the Leaper; and the ruins of the 
chateau of Moritzbourg. The orphans hospital was built 
in 1698 by Professor Franke, and contains a collection 
of artificial and natural curiosities, and a library. The 
university of Halle, formed out of a military academy, 
was established in 1699. It has a good library, and a 
cabinet of natural history. In the year 1802, it had 
634 students. This town owes its celebrity-to the fine 
salt springs in its neighbourhood. There are four of 
these which are very productive, lying on the Saale, 
in the lower of the town, called the Vale of Saale. 
These salt springs furnish water, of which from 16 to 
20 ounces yield from $ to 34 ounces of salt. They give 
work to 111 boiling houses, Each of these produces 
annually about 1200. The possessors of these springs 
are called Pfaenner, and the workmen Hallores. They 
are the descendants of the ancient Wends, and still re- 
tain their dress and manners. 
Canstein’s printing-office for the Bible is a very large 
establishment. In 1800, the number of copies printed 
amounted to 1,793,534 Bibles, exclusive of 877,999 co- 
pies of the New Testament, 1600 Psalms, and 52,500 
copies of Jesus Sirach. The other articles of manufac- 
ture are worsted and silk stockings, starch, flannels, 
buttons, linen, tobacco pipes, china ware, ribbons, and 
red and yellow Turkey leather. Population 20,000, 
including 1195 Halleres, or manufacturers of salt, East 
Long. 11° 58’ 2", North Lat. 51° 29’ 5". 
* HALLER, Axzerr pe, a physician and professor of 
the last century, celebrated for the excellence and vo- 
luminousness of his writings. He was born at Berne, 
in Switzerland, on the 18th of October 1708. His fa- 
ther was Emmanuel Haller, advocate, and chancellor 
of the county of Baden, His early education was com- 
mitted to one, Abraham Baillodz, a fanatical and se- 
vere preceptor, not well qualified for training with ad- 
vantage a mind of Hialler’s sensibility. Yet he very 
early discovered an unparalleled assiduity in the pur- 
suit of knowledge. At five years of age, having already 
learned to write, he arranged for himself, in alphabeti- 
cal order, all the words that were taught him In a 
little after, he compiled dictionaries in the Hebrew, 
Chaldee, and Greek languages, to which he often had 
recourse in his advanced years. At the age of ten, he 
composed. German and. Latin verses, the merit of which 
astonished his teachers. He ridiculed, in a Latin sati- 
rical poem, the pouty of his private tutor, from 
whose severity he had suffered. At the age of twelve, 
he extracted the dictionaries of Moreri and Bayle, 
2000 articles of biography of the most celebrated men. 
When he was thirteen he lost his father, whose death 
left him in a 7 measure destitute of the resources 
ing 
of fortune. intended for the church, he finished 
his studies at the public school. On one occasion, ha~ 
ving a to translate into Latin, he attracted 
the iration 
the professors, by giving a translation 
of it into excellent Greek, Having Snished his literary 
