HAM 
s. The income of the state is very large. It is 
of standing sources of revenue, and 
Seadbient ‘Sexe seebeed WV the community, 
posed 
“subterraneous cavern, which is filled rece with 
: ave been 
formed, for the entertainments frequently given there 
‘by th. inhabitants and strangers. It is under the di- 
rection of a burgomaster, three senators, and three 
burghers ; but the immediate management is committed 
‘to a steward, who makes a profitable business of it. 
‘There is also an apothecaries’ hall belonging to the 
pecies of drugs. These being superior to those sold 
Uythe other apcnhacasida, have a considerable sale, and 
roduce much it to the city. 
ana Hamburgh there are numerous schools, libraries, 
y es- and liter: institutions, which reflect honour on the 
~ “enlightened taste of its inhabitants; besides several 
“yaluable collections of paintings and prints, and cabi- 
“nets of natural history, &c. which sufficiently prove 
‘that the arts and sciences have not been neglected 
‘amidst the pursuits of commerce. This city has been, 
‘at different periods, the residence of many literary cha- 
racters of first eminence, among whom the names 
of Lessing and Klopstock are conspicuous. The prin- 
cipal. amusements of the inhabitants are music and 
dancing, card-playing and billiards ; in winter, riding 
‘upon , and, in summer, walking or riding to 
blic ens in the environs of the town. There is 
‘a French and a German theatre ; and the musical drama, 
‘or opera, has long been cultivated with ere and 
“success at Hamb The compositions of Keiser, 
‘Matheson, Handel, and Telemann, who all commenced 
their career in this city, are the most celebrated, C. P. 
E. Bach, the greatest musician of his time, succeeded 
Telemann as music director in 1767, and retained the 
‘situation until his death in 1788. 
- The merchants of Hamburgh are very luxurious in 
their style of living; the tone of society is and 
‘animated ; and there is‘no place where strangers are 
entertained with more hospitality. See Nugent’s 7ra- 
vels th kh Germany ; Riesbeck’s Travels ; Peuchet 
Dict. dole Geog. Com. vol. iv.; Reichard, Guide des 
Voy 's ; Account of the Management of the Poor in 
| Hamburgh; Ha he Kiinstler-Nachrichten. Ham- 
burgh, 1794. -(z) 
ae , pu Monceau, cota aadag - emi- 
nent vegetab’ ysiologist, was born at Paris in the year 
1700. Sethe Meenoist of the Academy for 1728, he 
blished an Essay on a Parasitical Fungus, (Sc/erotium 
Dscorunt Persoon), which infests the roots of the culti- 
vated saffron ; and, in the same cya? Sag tim Trea- 
tise on the Propagation of Trees by Grafting. Hisprinci- 
‘ ‘4 
621 
town, which contains a great quantity of every possible 
HAM 
works on Botany and Vegetable Physiology w Hamel, 
Ihe following: ‘ is oF wom 
1. Traité de la Culture des Terres. Published in 6 
vols. from 1750 to 1761. 
2. Elemens d’Agriculture. 2 vols. 12ma. 1764. This 
— was translated into English, German, and Spa- 
nish} P 
8. Traité des Arbres et Arbustes qui se Cultivent en 
France en pleine terre. 2 vols. 4to. 1755. 
4. Physique des Arbres. @ vols. sto. 1758. This 
is the principal work of Du Hamel. 
5. Des Semis et Plantations des Arbres et de leur 
Culture. 4to. 1760. ’ 
6. De L’Exploitation des Bois, ou de tirer 
in des taillis demi futayes et haut futayes. 2 vols 4to, 
1769. 
7. Du Transport, de la conservation, et de la force du 
Bois. 4to. 1767. See our article Carpentry, vol. v. 
p- 496. See alsothe Mem. Acad. Par. 1742, 1768, 
1744, 1764, 1767. 
8. Traité des Arbres Fruitiers. 2 vols. 4to. 1768. 
Du Hamel was also the author of a treatise on the 
cultivation and preparation of madder. His works on 
the mechanical arts are numerous. The following, 
which were published separately, are the most import- 
ant : 
1. Art de faire les cartes a jouer. 
2. Art da Comes See ‘Mem. Acad. Par. 1766. 
Hist. 156. 
8. Traité de la Corderie perfectionné. 
4. Art du Drapier, See Mem, Acad. 1765. Hist. 132, 
5, Art de faire des Tapis. See Mem. Acad. 1766, 
Hist. 157, 
6. Art de friser et de ratiner les etoffes de Laine. See 
Mem. Acad. 1766, Hist. 156. 
me Art de L’Epinglier. See Mem. Acad. 1761, Hist: 
1 
8. Art de forger les enclumes. See Mem. Acad. 
1762, Hist. 188. 
9. Art de Peche. 
10. Architecture Navale. 4to. Par. 1758. See Mem. 
Acad, 1752, Hist. 141. A 
11. Art de la Fabrique des Ancres. See Mem. Acad. 
1761, oo 152. 
12. Art de Fabriquer les Pipes. 
13. Art du Potier de rT 
14. Art du Serrurier. 
15. Art de reduire le fer en fil @orchal. See Mem. 
Acad. 1768, Hist. 128, 1778, Hist. 110. 
M. Du Hamel died at Paris in 1782. See Borany, 
p. 34. 
HAMELN, formerly called Quern or Muchlen-Ha- 
meln, is a town of Germany, in the kingdom of Ha- 
nover. Itis situated in a pleasant territory, at the con- 
fluence of the Hamel and the Weser. It is very ly 
fortified, and contains some good buildings, particular« 
ly the Hotel de Ville. Its barracks can accommodate 
a whole battalion. A fine sluice was erected here in 
1734, by George II. for the pu of facilitating the 
navigation of the Weser, by which the town carries on 
a considerable trade. Hameln has been celebrated for 
its tanneries, its breweries of beer, and for the manu- 
factures which were established by the French refugees. 
There is here a refinery of sugar. At the mouth of a 
cave not far from the town, is a monument erected to 
commemorate the loss of 130 children, who were swal- 
lowed up in 1284, From the fort there is a very fine 
view of the surrounding country. Population 4000. 
Distance 30 miles south-west from Hanover. 
