Hamilear, 
Hamilton. 
H AM. 
i See CarrHace, vol. v. p. 573; 
574. feror 
HAMILTON, the chief town of the middle ward of 
Lanarkshire, is about 12 miles to the south-east of Glas- 
gow, and situated in the parish of the same name. _ In 
ancient times, the district in the neighbourhood of Ha~ 
milton appears to have borne the designation of Cad- 
zo, wiiile the town seems to, have been called: « the 
Orchard,” probably from the fruit-grounds with which 
the houses were surrounded. There is little doubt that 
the town derives its present appellation from the noble 
family of Hamilton, who appear to have: settled in 
Clydesdale soon after the year 1215. 
The first residence of the family was Cadzow Castle, 
situated on the precipitous banks of the Avon, about a 
mile from the town. In the statistical account of Ha- 
milton, it is mentioned, that this building was deserted 
after the injuries it sustained from the army of the re- 
gent Murray, but a considerable portion of it is still 
to be seen, denoting the massy strength of the original 
structure. The palace of Hamilton, now occupied, 
(A.D. 1816,) by the most noble the Marquis of Douglas, 
as representative of his father the Duke of Hamilton, is 
situated in the higher part of the beautiful and fertile 
valley through which the Clyde pursues its course, and 
lies to the west of the confluence of that noble river 
with the Avon. It was built about the end of the 17th 
century, and forms three sides of a quadrangle. The 
apartments are large and lofty, and have lately been 
very splendidly fitted-up. The gallery of paintings is 
rhaps the finest in Scotland, many additions having 
en made.to it by the present Marquis of Douglas. 
The portrait of the Earl of Denbigh by Vandyke, and 
«Daniel in the Den of Lions,” by Rubens, have been no- 
ticed by every traveller. To these may be added, a 
St Sebastian by Guido Reni, a St Francis, an in- 
fant St John, by Corregio, and in particular an “ Ecce 
Homo” by the same master. Two landscapes of rocks, 
and a head of Diogenes by Salvator Rosa, a dying Ma- 
dona by Ludovico Caracci, and an admirable painting 
of the Virgin embracing the head of Christ, by Ma- 
beuge. In the great gallery there is likewise a bust of 
Cleopatra, in which the depth and aggravation of grief 
are most wonderfully expressed; and in one of the 
lower apartments there’ is a statue of “ the Venus de 
Medici.” Among the valuable curiosities, we;have ob- 
served a large table of the most. beautiful malachite, un- 
equalled, as far a8 we have been able to learn, in any 
part of the British empire, 
Nearly opposite to Cadzow upon the Avon, and in 
full view of the palace, stands the castle of Chatelhea 
rault, built by the Duke of Hamilton in the year 1730, 
and meant to represent the castle of the same name in 
France, of which his ancestors were dukes. It was 
executed from a design of the elder Adams. In the 
surrounding park are some of the largest oaks in Scot= 
land, the remains of those extensive forests with which 
the country was formerly covered. Among these trees 
grazed the ancient Caledonian cows, mentioned by 
Hector Boece, asa peculiar breed, and distinguished by 
their manes resembling those of lions, by their snow 
whiteness, and their untameable ferocity. It is believed 
that the-original race are now extinct ; for the present 
breed are not remarkably different in their appearance 
from the common cow, excepting only that they are all 
oh white, or poo egg age and have black 
or brown ears and muzzles. The 
without fear or epee 6 7 Tany Beaune 
_ By the exertions of the — of Douglas, the pa. 
622 
’ Glasgow, are indebted for a 
HAM 
lace is now wholly separated fromthe. town.) The lat- H: 
ter.consists of a main street, running ina mi pi a 
direction, and forming part of the road from < lasgow © 
to Lanark. There are many ‘cross streets, and indi- 
vidual houses with gardens attached to them. The pri- 
son and town-hall are in the centre of the eR gee 
the former there is a tolerable spire. The parish church 
was built in 1732, froma design of Adams. It.stands — 
upon a rising ground in the - part of the town, — 
and is a very handsome structure, uniting stability with 
lightness. Though by no means well seated, it is un« 
derstood to accommodate about 1300 people. The 
| charge is collegiate, but the stipends of the ministers 
have lately been equalized, Besides the parish ch 
there is one beloerg to the Relief Seced ig Mei 
the Burghers, and a third to ppg os " 
schools are numerous. There is a lar, for agram- 
mar school, It was in this school the celebrated 
Dr William Cullen, the father of physic in Scotland, re« 
ceived a part of his education ; and the.traditionary re~ 
port of the townsmen bears, that he appeared at one of 
the annual examinations in girls clothes, acting the part _ 
of a shepherdess, in a Latin pastoral. Nor ought 
to omit, that Dr Baillie of London, and the late 
John Millar, professor of law in the university of 
i portion of their fame, to 
the instructions they received in the schools of Hamil« 
ton. ) 
was, in erage Boer in 1792, 5017; and it is now above 
7000 souls. e years ago a subscription library was 
established in Hamilton, owing principally to the zea« 
lous exertions of Dr John Hume. The library is under 
the direction of a committee of t,; who are 
chosen annually ; and the collecti books is multi« 
farious and valuable. (Qe ‘ord, javit.ood toe 
HAMMERSMITH. MppirseEx, 
HAMPDEN. See Brirann, vol. iv. p. 576, 
HAMPSHIRE, Hants, or the County of S 
ton, is a maritime county, situated on the. 
coast of E It is bounded on the north by Berk~ 
shire ; on the east by Sussex and Surrey; on the south 
by the English Channel, and the sound, which sepa- 
rates it from that of the county, called the Isle of 
Wight; and on the west by shire. Its limits 
on the south side are the numerous creeks and inlets 
formed by the! sea; on the west and east they are 
mostly artificial ; on the north a 
sed by the rivers Enborsa and Blackwater. figure 
of Hampshire is nearly that of a square, with a trian= 
lar projection at the south-west angle, a. 
the bastion of a fortification. Besides the Isle 
Wight, the islands of Jersey and Guernsey are inclus 
ded as of the- sree exclusive of the 
projection of the south-west and the isle of Wight, is 
about 42 miles, and its breadth about 38. 
Hampshire is divided into 52 hundreds and liberties ; Divisiih 
these are subdivided into 356 parishes, precincts, ham- 
lets, and tythings, the parishes alone being 253. In it 
there is one city, Win , which is also the county 
town, though Southampton is sometimes reg in 
that light. Besides Winchester .and- Sout ton, 
bere are 18 other market towns, of which the princi- 
are Portsmouth, Andover, Lymington, C > 
Basingstoke, Alton, Fareham, and Romsey. © Winches 
