w te by bridges. The town is 
ilt in the form of a half moon, and 
contains several 
‘streets. The houses of* the new street called 
ye-strass are all built on the same plan. | This 
t, or rather row, is built along the side of a fine 
9 rt | by iron chains, rest- 
_ ing on pillars of free-stone. There is a Gothic appear- 
“. ene in most of the buildings of Hanover. The houses 
j ble the galleries of a vessel of the sixteenth cen- 
ek the time of their erection is always marked 
upon them. In those dated 1565, each story projects 
several feet over the one below it, and exhibits medal- 
lions, pagan deities, warriors, and verses of the Psalms. 
- Red and green bricks are intermixed in some of the 
» edifices, and in others varnished tiles are arranged in 
rows. Sometimes bricks are only used for the doors 
and windows, while the rest of the house consists of 
, painted of various colours. In some houses, the 
bricks are placed in wooden frames, and secured by 
oer: The town, however, contains many handsome 
mildings. The Elector’s palace, which, after bein 
destroyed by fire, was rebuilt in 1791, is a fine build- 
ing constructed of hewn stone. This was the seat of 
cy. The newly erected of the electoral 
church, and the palace of the Princess of Wales, are 
likewise excellent buildings of stone. Hanover con- 
tains also a theatre, three parish churches, a poor-house, 
and three hospitals. The public library of Hanover is 
a respectable building. The first story is appropriated 
to charts, state papers, and juridical records. eu 
stories contain works of imagination and belles 
4 When the French threatened to invade Hano- 
ver, the Elector ordered the four copies of the beautiful 
Oxford Bible, the books, and the precious monuments, 
to be packed up and removed. We believe that they 
were afterw sent back to the capital. This library 
” was founded by Leibnitz, who bequeathed to it his own 
fine collection of books. There are two portraits of 
this great man in the library, one at the age of 40, and 
the other at 60; and the arm-chair in which he expired 
is there carefully ved. His remains are interred 
under a stone in the Lutheran church in the new ‘city. 
A very fine monument is also erected to his memory by 
, coo ar acre ee It is an Arian seareles situated in 
an umbrageous thicket, at the end of a long avenue of 
linden trees. Twelve columns, of the Tuscan order, of 
hard grey stone, quarried in the Hartz mountains, 
support a light cupola, beneath which is placed a white 
marble bust of Leibnitz, taken from the picture of him 
at the age of 60. “ To the memory of Leibnitz,” is the 
simple inscription which reminds us of the labours of 
this great philosopher. < 
The cemetery of the Jews is situated on an oval emi- 
nence near the city ; and that of the Lutherans is a vast 
field surrounded by a parapet, and crowded with fune- 
ral monuments, The tomb-stones of the noble families 
occupy a large space in the middle of the field. The 
wes of the lower classes are every day covered with 
Fresh flowers. The remains of the celebrated physician 
Wherloff lie under a trian pyramid. “ Not far 
distant,” says Mangourit, “is a monument representing 
a mother stretched upon the body of a beloved daugh- 
ter; the scissars of fate cut a half blown rose, and the 
parent tree, stripped of its leaves, is torn 3 by the 
root. Just by is the tomb of the lover of the young 
lady. The sculptor has succeeded in depicting the 
beauty and elegant figure of this youth. On one side 
of the monument we behold a superb oak; on the 
i 
f 
637 
HAWN 
other, the dak is reversed, its branches are bioken, its Hanover 
leaves fallen, and its seed scattered’ There are here Maree 
some tombs and sarcophagi of white marble; but the Te*™* 
greater number are Sonal cut sei from the Hartz 
mountains. 
There is at Hanover a society of natural history ; the 
seminary for schoolmasters ; the female school of indus. 
try, conducted by Madame Klockenbrigg, in which some 
excellent pieces of embroidery are executed and sold 
at a very high price. 
Hanover formerly carried on manufactures of vari- 
ous kinds, particularly linen, damask, printed cotton, 
tapestry, wax-cloths, stockings, caps, gloves, flannels, 
serges, tobacco, lace, gold and silver lace, and ribbands ; 
but we have not been able to learn in what state these 
manufactures are at present. There is a cannon foun- 
dry at. Hanover, situated on the glacis of the city. The 
retail shops of Hanover, and the ware-houses of cloths 
and of French silks, are well supplied ; English cloths 
and cottons also abound. 
The environs of Hanover are very beautiful. The 
city looks well at a distance with its four steeples, its 
houses intermixed with poplars and lime-trees, and its 
rural suburbs. The irregular assemblage of religious 
monuments, plain and handsome palaces, Gothic build- 
ings, small wooden houses, churches painted of various 
colours, and arbours of different shapes and sizes, have 
a very singular effect. The windings of the Leine are 
very agreeable, and the triple row of lime-trees plant- 
ed along its banks, which are covered with rose bushes 
and sword-grass. The windings of the Leine are, how- 
ever, artificical. The springs near the fortifications not 
being sufficient to fill the ditthes: a canal was cut in a 
serpentine direction, to the distance of about three ki- 
lometers above the city. This canal now conveys the 
provisions to the capital. In order to prevent the ri- 
ver from flowing back to its former bed, and to relieve 
it when too full, a large barrier, about 2 kilometers 
long, has been built of gray stone, so as to allow the 
surplus waters to flow into its former channel by three 
long dams. This work is admirably and solidly exe. 
oth pal d Han th 
e princi romenades at over are the gar- 
den of Sadan La Baronne de Decker, the of 
Count Field Marshal Walmoden, Montbrillant and 
Herrenhausen, the country seat of the Electors of Ha- 
nover. The approach to Herrenhausen is by a lon 
avenue of lime-trees. The castle is by no means a hands 
some building, and the grounds are laid out with the 
test uniformity. The water-works are good, and 
‘ore the central basin is a neat rural theatre. The 
orangerie, which formerly served as a ball-room to the 
court, is a very long hall decorated at every twelve 
feet with copies of ancient busts. It contains some fine 
orange plants placed in boxes surrounded with laurels, 
and cut into a pyramidal shape. The garden of Her- 
renhausen is extremely interesting to botanists, and is 
said.to be only by that of Schoenbrunn, Po- 
pulation, 15,500, or 19,444 according to Tynna Al- 
manac du Commerce pour 1811. East . O° 42’ 55”, 
and North Lat. 52° 2225”. See Mangourit’s Travels 
in Hanover, passim ; and Reichard’s Guide des Voya- 
eurs en Europe, tom. ii. 
HANSE Towns, is the name given to a number of 
towns in Germany and the north of Europe, who en« 
tered into a league for the protection of their com- 
merce. This coopseanpet Bolte to have commen 
ced in 1169. It was in 1226 and 1284, and 
