Hanse- 
‘Towns 
Hl 
Harewood. 
— 
HAR 
a general assembly of the members was held every ten 
years. é . 
Almost every trading town in Europe became ambi- 
tious of joining the league ; but it seems to have been a 
fixed principle, that every town was excluded that was 
not situated on the sea, or on some navigable river. 
In the year 1226, the Hanse Towns were 72 innum- . 
ber; and among these were Calais, Rouen, St Maloe, 
Bourdeaux, Bayonne, Marseilles, Barcelona, Seville, 
Cadiz, London, Lisbon, Antwerp, Bruges, Rotterdam, 
Ostend, Dunkirk, Messina, Leghorn, and Naples. 
The towns were distinguished into four classes, at 
the head of which were Lubeck, the capital of the 
league, Cologne, Brunswick, and Dantzic. 
This powerful association was in its most flourishing 
condition about the end of the 14th and the beginning 
of the 15th century, and interfered, to a great extent, 
in the affairs of Europe. The jealousy, however, of 
the European princes induced them to withdraw the 
merchants of their respective countries from the league ; 
and in a short time it was so much reduced, as to com- 
prehend only the four principal towns of Lubeck, Co- 
logne, Brunswick, and Dantzic, In 1803, the only 
‘members of the league were Lubeck, Hamburgh, and 
Bremen. What changes it is to receive from the re- 
‘cent revolutions which have taken place in Europe, 
time only can determine. See Commerce, vol. vii. p. 
74, and Denmark; vol. vii. p. 623, 629. 
HAN-TCHONG-FOO, See Curna, vol. vi. p. 
208, col. 2. 
HAPAEE Isranps. 
ix. p. 755, col. 1. 
HAREM. See Spracuio. 
HARBOROUGH. See Leicesrersaire. 
HARBOUR. See Intanp Navigation. 
HARBOURG, or Haanzure, is a town of Germany, 
in the kingdom of Hanover. It is situated opposite to 
Hamburgh, on the Seeve, near its influx into the Elbe. 
It is pretty strongly fortified, and is advantageously si- 
tuated for carrying on a considerable trade. Great 
quantities of wood ‘are cut in the neighbourhood, and 
sent to Hollandand France. There is here a manufac- 
tory for bleaching wax, a refinery of sugar, and manu- 
factories of starch, stockings, ribbonds, and hats. ‘T'wo 
packet boats set out every morning and evening’ for 
Hamburgh, the distance of which is only seven miles, 
The harbour of Harbourg, which is called Lotz, is so 
deep, that the largest vessels from Holland and Fries- 
land can enter it and deliver their cargoes. A ditch or 
canal, furnished with two sluices, has been cut from the 
Elbe to the castle, which greatly facilitates the naviga- 
pone and trade of the town. Population of the town 
= ARDICANUTE.. See EnciAnp, vol. viii. p. 
wD le 
HARE. ‘See Mamata. 
HARELIP. See Surcery. 
HAREWOOD, is a small town of England, in the 
west riding of Yorkshire, and one of the most beauti- 
ful inthe kingdom. It lies between Harrowgate and 
Leeds, in a fine, rich, and beautifully wooded country. 
Phe houses are almost all built uniformly, and covered 
with slate. Before we enter the.town “from the north, 
is Harewood ‘castle on ‘the westside of the road. It 
stands onthe brow of the hill, and is a lovely ruin al- 
most covered with ivy. It is esteemed a fine specimen 
of castellated architecture, and is described in the 
Archeologia, vol. vi. The gateway to Harewood house, 
the seat of Lord Harewood, is at the south end of the 
5 
See Frienpiy Isianps, vol. 
638 
HAR 
It is recently built, and is one of the finest 
town. 
arewood house, and the surrounding country from the 
top of the hill, at the southern gate, is unusually 
d. . 
oe eTARFLEUR, is an ancient town of France, in the 
department of the Seine. It was formerly called Hare- 
jflotum, Harflevium, and Heriflorium. It is situated on 
the small river Lezarde, at the mouth of the Seine, and 
was formerly the key of France on the side of England ; 
but it has fallen into decay, in ion as Havre 
has risen in importance. Its walls have been razed, its 
harbour choked with sand, its fortifications demoli : 
and its trade ruined. There are here small manufac- 
tories for lace, cotton, linen, and beer. Peuchet, in 1800, 
has stated the population at 4388; but’ in the 
Almanac du Commerce for 1811, makes it only 1600. 
A work was published at Harfleur in 1720, entitled 
Antiquites de Harfleur, See Encianp, vol. viii. page 
633, for an account of the siege of Harfleur. ‘a 
HARIDI. See Acumim, vol. i. p. 104. 
HARMATTAN. See Guinea. 
HARMONIA, in music, an interval so named by 
M. Henfling, whose ratio is 434,=215+ 2 m, and is the 
greater Ennarmonic Diesis, which see. : 
HARMONIC Ecements, or Concordant Elements, 
are the three smallest concords, viz. 8d, III, and 4th, 
each one of which singly is harmonious ; so is the sum 
of every ‘two of them, as 3d4TII=V, 3d44th=6th, 
and IIf-44th=—VI; and so is the sum of all three, as 
8dIII44th=VIII; and further, this latter concord 
(VIID) may be added once, or any greater number of 
times, to itself, or to any one of the six concords above 
mentioned, and still a concord will result: thus, 
2VII=XV ; 3 VILI=XXI1; VIII4-3=10th; VIII 4 © 
Ill=X; 2 VII44 = 18th; 2 VIIE4+V = XIX, &e._ 
are all concords ; and, except the Unison (1), there are 
in nature noe other concords, -or combinations of two 
sounds, which are agreeable and pleasant tothe ear, and 
produce beats when slightly altered or tempered, but 
those derived in the manner above described. See 
Concorp. (¢) 
HARMONIC Stivers, are the contrivance of Dr 
Thomas Young, for exhibiting to theeye the effects of the 
undulations or Jeats of tempered concords, which he has 
described in the Journals of the Royal Institution, p. 261. 
and illustrated the same by a'drawing, intended to: 
sent the beating of the imperfect wnison, whose ratio is 
44, =50.4603324f+4-4m ; but which being nearly as 
large as the elementary semitone and a discord, is very 
improperly called a unison, or a beating concord. _ 
_ The following is Dr Young’s own account of this in« 
vention: ** The combination of undulations is of ac- 
knowledged utility in illustrating the phenomena of 
musical consonances and dissonances, and of undeniable 
importance in accounting for many of the phenomena 
of the tides. Each’tide is an undulation on a- 
scale ; and, supposing the general form ofthe ocean, in 
consequence of the attraction of a distant-body, to co- 
incide with that of an oblong spheroid, as it is found 
by calculation to do, the section of the surface of each 
tide, if conceived to be unbent from the circular form, 
and extended on a plane, would form the harmoni¢ 
curve: (Young’s Syllabus, IV. 151. 155.) It is re- 
markable that the motions of the particles of the air in 
sound have been generally supposed in theory to cor- 
respond with the ordinates of this same curve, and that 
there is also experimental reason to believe, that the 
purest and most homogeneous sounds do in fact agree 
pines of architecture we have seen. ‘The view of | 
Pe hy a ete vn 6 ae, temp a 
