Hartz, 
650 
sometimes. occurs in elliptical and globular concre- 
tions, which have a concentric lamellar structure. It 
alternates with greywacke, and both rest on the pri- 
mitive rocks already described. : 
Both acke and clay slate contain very consi- 
derable metalliferous formations. The following are the 
principal ones, 
a. A very thick bed of copper pyrites, iron pyrites, 
galena or lead glance, and brown blende, with 
compact heavy spar, and a very small quantity of 
~ quartz, and calcareous r 
4, Veins of galena or deerb fdkieni of which the fol- 
lowing formations have been ascertained. 
a. Galena, associated with. much calcareous spar, 
and splintery quartz, and small portions of iron 
rites, sparry iron stone, grey copper ore, and 
‘own spar. 
&. Galena, associated with sparry iron stone, cal- 
careous spar, heavy spar and quartz; with a 
minute portion of grey copper ore, brown blende, 
iron pyrites, and copper pyrites. 
y» Galena, with splintery quartz, and a smaller 
ion of calcareous spar, -sparry iron stone, 
iron pyrites, and copper pyrites. _ In the upper 
of the veins, the calcareous spar is sometimes 
dissolved and carried away. The galena, or 
lead glance, is converted into white, black, and 
earthy lead ores; by the decomposition of the _ 
copper and iron pyrites, there are formed varieties 
of ochry brown iron stone, malaehite, azure cop- 
per ore, and copper green, and by,the decompo- 
sition of the sparry iron stone, compact and fi- 
brous brown iron stones, and ores of manganese. 
3. Galena, with much brown blende, splintery 
* quartz, and calcareous spar; and occasionally 
small portions of copper and iron pyrites. 
« Galena, with amethyst, large foliated calcareous 
spar, copper pyrites, and brown blende. 
-¢. Veins of copper ore, which are distributed in the 
following formations. 
«. The principal vein-stone, of the veins of this for- 
mation, is quartz, which occurs in'such quantity 
as occasionally to fill up the veins from side to 
side. It is in granular concretions, which are 
so loosely aggregated, that they can be separated 
by the mere pressure of the finger; hence in 
‘mines in*this formation the quarts is: dug out 
by shovels. This condition of the quartz in 
these veins shews us the possibility of sandstone, 
and even of sand being in many cases original 
chemical formations, and not mechanical depo- 
sites. The ores associated with the quartz are 
copper pyrites, malachite, copper green, copper 
black, tile ore, and brown iron-stone. ere 
sometimes occur imbedded in the lodse-sandy 
quartz, blocks of compact quartz, also portions 
of heavy spar, and small strings of brown spar 
and red iron stone ; and rarely fluor spar. 
8. This formation consists of azure copper ore, and 
copper-green with much fluor spar, and sometimes 
small portions of brown spar, and red iron-stone, 
. Copper pyrites, and splintery quartz, with small: 
portions of c.leareous spar, iron pyrites, and ga- 
lena or lead glance, are minerals of this formation. 
‘d. Veins of iron-stone, of which the following forma- 
tions are known to the miners, 
. 
HART Z. a 
A Et 
‘os Red hematite; and heavy spars) 6 8 
8. Com: red iron-stone, with much calcareous’ 
oe . ‘ : SPTIM RTS KG thw thd ot ony, 
; Ne iw eet rn 
. Compact, fibrous. , sealy, and ochry irons 
stone, with specular iron ore or iron glance, and. 
uartz, and calcareous spar, Grit-ack Louk 
yb. Dyatoy iron-stone, in the lower part of the veins, 
but brown iron-stone in the upper parts. on 
e. Veins of manganese occur’ but ; and of this 
metal the only formation in the Hartz is that in 
which compact grey manganese ore is associated 
with heavy. o al oe eid ilehane nae 
4, Whet slate. This mineral oceurs in thin beds in the 
c slate. | wa Wert erase si - creo ravldy ona? 
5. Alum slate. It occurs'in beds in eK buh 
6. Transition flinty slate. It occurs in beds in grey 
wacke and clay slate. It passes into clay slate; and 
in the mountains of the Hartz we: find all the:inter- 
— varieties oe Lrg a flinty slate, and — 
w characterised fa slates o” t is worthy of re- 
mark, thaé-thisitiinersipwrlsih aidcscdnngsontierions 
tonian view, must have’ been in’ a’state of fusion, oc= 
curs inclosed in clay’slate, and exhibiting: the grada- 
tion we have just mentioned. © 
7. Transition trap: The'trap rocks; which’are —_ 
stone, and amygdaloid, alternate in beds with grey - 
wacke, eh sg ne te sos — MTS Bee 
8. Transition hyrys trans: \porphyries' _ 
have a asia either of felspar, or horn= 
stone, and occur in beds ‘in grey” wacke, or in mas- 
ses resting upon it. | ae : wae in i a ; 
C.  Flelz Rocks, "9 > 
Tleetz, recks surround the Hartz on every side, and. 
are spread from thence over the hilly parts of Lower. 
Saxony... The following are. the floetz rocks met.with, 
in the Hartz: Old red sand-stone, clay. porphyry, 
alpine lime-stone, older jee lees 
newer. gypsum, and third floetz sandstone. ; BLY 
1, Old red sand-stone, or the first flectz sand-stone. This 
well known rock, the dunstone of English minéralo- 
gists, oceurs in considerable abundance, and in this’ 
country contains beds'of coal. 
2, Clay-stone porphyry: This rock oeeurs in beds 
which alternate with the red sand-stone. The’beds’ 
vary in thickness’from’a few inches to fathoms. 
It passes into the bounding sandstone, a fact illus’ 
trative of the eotemporaneous formation of the two 
rocks. * A “ 
3, Alpine lime-stone, or first fletz lime-stone This lime- 
wat occurs in perl alan abundance, and gene- 
rally rests on the red sand-stone/ : “ey 
4. Older gypsum, or first flelz gypsum formation. This’ 
formation, which is cipally composed of foliated” 
granular gypsum, and compact gypsum, also con- 
tains selenite, rounded cotemporaneous portions of 
radiated gypsum, stinkstone, and sometimes fibrous 
gypsum. It rests on'the preceding formation. — 
. Variegated, or second fletz sandstone. This formation, 
which is probably identical with the red ground of 
English mineralogists, rests upon the older gypsum. 
6. Newer gypsum, or second fletz gypsum Jormation. 
The principal rocks in this formation are’ foliated! 
granular, fibrous, and radiated gypsum.” It rests‘on’ 
cr 
* It may be noticed, that German mineralogists mention the occurrence of porphyry and trap rocks in red sand-stone as a new dis- 
covery, although both these facts were stated so early as the year 1800, by Professor Jameson, in his Mineralogical Travels. 
work known to continental writers by the translation of it which appeared in Germany many years ago, ’ oye 
3 a 
