HAR 
y» the variegated sandstone, and sometimes even alter- 
_ _ nates with it. 
G.Third let sandstone. This sandstone has generally 
‘wa grey or white colour, and contains subordinate beds 
of slate clay, indurated marl, and coal. It appears 
_» to,rest upon the newer gypsum and the variegated 
. sandstone, , 
Loli _D. Alluvial Rocks. 
The rocks of this class. are calc-tuff, loam, clay, 
brown ae eg peaty and rolled masses, of 
y s. 
. The following works may be consulted, as affording 
accurate and-extensive details 'in regard to the natural 
history of the Hartz. 
yi. i mi von innern der gebirge nach beobach= 
gesammlel und, herausgegeben von F. W. H. von 
Trebra. Fol. 1785. 
2. Beobachtungen iiber den Harzgebirge nebst einem 
Profilrisseals ein Beitrag zur mineralogischen naturkunde 
yon, G. S. O. Lazius. 2 vols. Hanover, 1789. 
3, Bemerkungen iiber den Harz von J.C. Friesleben, 
2 vols. Leipzic, 1795. 
~ 4 Hausmanns Norddeutsche Beitrige. 1806. 
x, De la richesse mineral, par A..M. Heron de Ville- 
fosse; 4to. 1816. ; 
» See the article Brocken, vol. iv. p. 753. (r) 
»dHARVEY, Wittman, M.D. the celebrated disco- 
- verer of the circulation of the blood, was born at Folk- 
stone in Kent, on the 1st of April 1578, was educated 
at the school of Canterbury, and sent to Cambridge in 
1598, where he studied six years.as gentleman com- 
moner of Caius College. His medical studies. were 
prosecuted at the university of Padua, where the most 
eminent of his instructors was Fabricius ab Aquapen- 
_ Gente: This anatomist explained to him the structure 
‘of the valves of the veins; a subject which he had 
greatly improved, and which afterwards led Harvey to 
views »unparalleled by any in physiology for their 
uty and»profundity. At Padua he took the degree 
ef M.D. and returned to England in his 24th year. 
At 30che was elected Fellow of the Royal College of 
Physicians of London; and in about a-year after suc- 
ceeded, Dr Wilkinson as physician to Bartholomew’s 
hospital.’ On the 4th of August 1655, he delivered, by 
appointment of the College of Physicians, the Anato- 
mical and Surgical. Lecture of Lumley and Caldwell ; 
- and there is'reason to:believe, that on this occasion he 
ve a modest intimation of his great discoveries ; as 
Dek Acabatiomporinty de Anatomia Universa, dated about 
this time, which contains the outlines of his doctrines. 
Twelve years elapsed before he published them to the 
world, | His fame, in the meantime, gained» ground ; 
andthe: estimation in which he was held by his pro- 
fessional brethren gave it solidity, as well as brilliancy. 
It was in 1628 that he published his:wercilatio Ana~ 
tomica ‘de Cordis et Sanguinis motu, at Frankfort, a 
eentre from which it was most readily diffused through 
Europe, by means of the great book fairs which were 
. amnually held in that city. In no point of view can 
this work be too. es ps a asa specimen of the 
most ingenious and solid speculation, and of aniline 
experimental inquiries, ee in luminous order, 
accompanied with apposite illustrations. It still con- 
tinues unrivalled for importance as an original publica- 
tion. An account of the great doctrines which it esta- 
blishes is given in our article ANaromy (History of;) 
to’which we beg leave to refer. 
. But illustrious ‘as the merit of Harvey was, and re- 
speetably as it was supported by the cordial admiration 
651 
HAR 
of his colleagues, his opinions were represented by a 
herd of opponents as precipi innovations ; and the 
inference drawn by the ing multitude was, that the 
author of them could not be a safe medical practitioner, 
His practice as a physician actually fell off, furnish. 
ing a striking proof of the precarious and humbling 
conditions of a medical reputation. The bigotted abet. 
tors of old established systems, after injuring his name 
by whispers and innuendos, attacked him at last by 
controversial writings, and thus put it in his power to 
vindicate the truths which he had discovered, and re- 
fute the Galenian errors which had maintained their 
ground for 
Dr Primrose of Oxford was his first opponent. He 
maintained that the blood was carried ‘to the different 
poms of the body, not by the impulse of the heart, but 
y the power which all the living organs have to at- 
tract the substances fitted for their nourishment. Four 
yearsiafter this, he was attacked by Zmylius Parisanus, 
a physicianvof Venice, with great pomp of words, in a 
barbarous and obscure style of eloquence, in which he 
supported a strange medley :of ancient opinions and 
peculiar original dogmata. Dr Harvey was saved 
the irksome task of replying toa tortuous and con- 
fused’ tissue of unmeaning words, by the zeal of his 
liberal admirer and genuine friend Sir George Ent, a 
. physician of the highest reputation, who, in an Apology 
Jor the Circulation of the Blood, replete with learned 
and acute argument, and enlivened with eloquence and 
wit, completely exposed the futilities of that author. 
In afew years after this he met with a more able 
and liberal minded épponent in Riolan of Paris, who 
had entertained a fanciful doctrine of his own upon the 
motion of the’ blood, which could not stand if Harvey's 
views were established. In answer to Riolan, Harvey 
wrote two treatises called Lrercitationes. Every mo- 
dern anatomist who looks back to these disputes, smiles 
not only at the obstinacy with which the true doctrine 
of the circulation was resisted, but at the gross igno- 
rance betrayed by its opponents, in iculars of ana- 
tomical structure which ‘are now familiar to the young- 
est tiro in the science. Riolan soberly maintained 
that in the adult subject the left auricle of the heart 
was a solid mass, possessing’ no cavity capable of con- 
taining blood. 
Dr Plemp, essor at Louvaine, was another ad- 
versary ; but, finding’that'the experiments with which 
he intended to assail the doctrines of Harvey contribu- 
ted powerfully to their support, he with manly candour 
ranked himself among his converts. 
Harvey, in his first publication, did not acknowl 
any regular continuation or anastomosis betwixt the 
small arteriesand the veins, furnishing a tabular 
for the transmission of the blood, but believed that this 
fluid was first diffused by the terminations of the arte- 
ries among the interstices in the texture of the different 
organs, and was trom these absorbed by the veins ; and 
it was not without apparent reluctance that he was af- 
terwards induced in thie particular to admit the doc- 
trine which is now universally established. 
After the great discovery of Harvey was placed be- 
yond the reach of’ controversy, attempts were made to 
detract from his merit, by showing that it was not ori- 
ginal. Obscure passages and accidental expressions in 
the writings of ancient and modern ‘authors were dis- 
torted by miserable envy, for-the ‘purpose of proving 
that Harvey, now acquitted of heresy, was chargeable 
with plagiarism. (A singular cireumstance oceurred to 
give a temporary triumph to calumny. Harvey, having 
maintained some degree-of intimacy with the Venetian 
> 
Harvey. 
_—o 
