660 HAW , 
sected with creeks and ditches. It is defended by lofty Havee 
walls, and ditches furnished with sluices, and has a _ Grae 
citadel with bastions, which is one of the most. 
in the kingdom. It contains two churches, an hospi- 
HAV 
Haverford- water by the small river Lageda, which has its origin 
west, in the hills on the south-west side of the town. One of 
ye de the three streams into which it divides itself runs into 
\aeetan the sea to the east of the town, while the other two flow 
through the city. The population of the Havannah has. 
been recently stated at 25,000; but Morse informs us, 
that an intelligent traveller has lately estimated it at 
70,000. There are no fewer than $000 cabriolets in 
the town. The position of the house of Don Antonio 
Robredo at the Havannah, according to the newly pub- 
lished observations of M. Ferber, is West Longitude 
82° 5' 47", and North Latitude 23° 8’ 16”. See our ar~ 
ticle Cusa, vol. viii. p. 479—~481. 
HAVERFORDWEST, called Hmlffordit, is a town 
of South Wales, and the capital of the county of Pem- 
broke. It is situated on the side of a very steep hill 
onthe banks of the river Daugleddy or Cliddy, which 
forms a bay for packets and vessels, and which is cros- 
sed by a good stone bridge. In the upper part of the 
town there are some good houses; but from the irre- 
gularity of the avenues, from the narrowness of the 
greater part of the streets, and from the confused man- 
ner in which the houses are piled one above another 
on the steep declivity of the hill, it has a very singular 
and unpromising appearance to a stranger. The prin- 
cipal publicestablishments are three churches, St Mary’s, 
St Martin’s, and St Thomas’s, a custom-house, a free 
school, a charity school, an alms-house, and a pred 
quay, at which vessels of large burden can unload. 
The castle, when seen from the bridge, has a stately 
appearance ; but since the sessions have been held here, 
it has been greatly disfigured by part of it being con- 
verted into a county gaol. The walls are of great 
thickness. It was strongly fortified with towers, and 
is said to have been built by Gilbert Earl of Clare. 
At a short distance to the south of the town, is a pri- 
ory of black canons, endowed by Robert de Haverford, 
lord of this place. The walk to it from the town is 
pleasant, and the ruins have a venerable aspect. The 
chapel is the best preserved part. 
The market here is one of the largest and most abun« 
dant in Wales, and fish are to be had in the greatest 
plenty and variety.” There is likewise a very large 
corn market, and there is a great fair for horses and 
eattle on the 7th of July on St Thomas's day, who is 
the tutelary saint of the upper town. Near this town 
there is a cotton mill, which gives employment to about 
150 persons. It is the principal manufacture in the 
county. A considerable number of independent gen- 
try reside at Haverford. The town is a county of it- 
self, and it sends one member to parliament, who is 
elected by freeholders and burgesses, and inhabitants not 
receiving alms to the amount of 500. The inhabitants 
draw their chief support from travellers who go from 
Milford Haven to Waterford, Wexford, Cork, &c. 
The following is the population abstract for the town 
in 1811. 
Number of inhabited houses ...... 630 
Number of families»... ....... 691 
Do. employed in agriculture . ...... $2 
Do. employed in trade and manufactures 290 
Males 
Oe. Gv aenevere “pat ee ate pe Ei 8 
Memisled ey, hgh aes ph les pay 1836 
Population in 1811 ........... 8093 
Increase since 1801 ........... 213 
See Malkin’s Scenery, Antiquities, and Bio, h 
South Wales, vol. ii. chap. 26.'p. 298. eee 
HAVRE ve Grace is a seaport town of France, in 
the department of the Lower Seine. It is situated at 
the mouth of the river Seine, in a marshy soil, inter~ 
tal, poors-house, arsenal, magazines, and storehouses, 
for the construction and manning of ships. There are 
no fewer than forty streets, adorned with six fine foun. 
tains. Four of these streets terminate in the great 
square. The harbour, which has a long pier connect 
ed with it, is capable of containing from 600 to 700 
vessels. It has a depth of water sufficient to hold ships 
of war of 60 guns. There is here a fine dock-yard, 
several rope-works, and manufactories for tobacco, lace, 
starch, vitriol, earthen ware, paper, tiles, and bricks, 
The tobacco manufactory was established by the French. 
East India Company, and at one time there were 60 
tables furnished with a wheel, and attended by seven 
persons, Each of these made 90 pounds of tobacco in a 
day, and, including Caudebec, Hatten, and Fecamp, 
the annual value of this manufacture was 170,000 franes. 
It has, however, greatly declined, but still employs - 
about 400 workmen. The works were lately eight 
in number. There is here also a refinery of sugar, and 
another of oil, both for burning and painting. 
In time of peace, Havre carries on a great trade with 
the United States of America and the West Indies, and 
takes a great share in the herring and whale fisheries, 
‘About 600 vessels used to return A oaded with the mer- 
chandise of other countries ; viz. 60 from Martinique, 
18 from Newfoundland, 40 from Marseilles, 65 from 
the coast of France from Bayonne to St Malo, 10 from 
St Maurice, 15 from Lisbon, 20 from Holland, 260 
from England, and more than 60 from other countries 
of the north. . 
Havre was founded in 1509 by Louis XII. ; and, 
after the battle of Marignon, Francis I. built a large 
tower to defend the harbour, and gave it the name of 
Franciscopolis. The walls of the harbour were scarce- 
ly begun, when an irruption of the sea destroyed about 
two-thirds of the town, and almost all the qrlusthitan tp 
on the 15th January 1525. Twenty-eight fishing. boats 
were carried into the ditches of the castle of Graville. 
Population 19,500. East Long. 6° 6’ 38”; North Lat. 
49° 20! 14". ; 
HAWARDEN, ete called Harraven, or 
Hording, is a town of North Wales in Flintshire. It is 
a thriving By: and is situated on a small river run- 
ning into Chester New Channel. The streets are well 
paved, and the houses well built. The church is a 
plain good building,’ and is remarkable only for ha- 
ving an annual revenue of about £3000. Between 
the town and the river Dee, the remains of the castle 
of Peny Llwch stands upon an eminence. It wasa 
place of great strength, and is supposed to have been 
built before the Norman conquest. It was demolished 
by order of the Parliament in 1680. By the exertions 
of the Glynne family, the form of the castle has been 
rendered visible, by the removal of great quantities of 
rubbish. It seems to have been of a gee io! shape, 
with a strong square entrance gateway. e keep, or 
citadel, consisting of a circular tower, nearly entire, 
was placed at an angle. The deep ditches now form pic- 
turesque ravines filled with fine trees.. On a mount, 
called Freeman’s Hill, to the west of the church, are 
traces of an encampment; and at the distance of about 
two miles from the town, are the remains of Culo cas- 
tle, a double fortress, with a square area and two round 
towers. They stand on the edge of a deep wooded 
dingle, and are covered with ivy. In the neighbour- 
hood of the town, particularly near Buckden hill, there 
Ba Bt EO tO ee TO 
