- 
: 
, 
HAY 
in his later years, but 
_ his first visit to Britain. He was married many years, 
_ but not bepllys and he had long been separated from 
_ his wife. Two brothers, Michael and John, survived 
. him. The former, who had considerable merit as a 
. composer, died master of the band to the court of Salz- 
bourg; the latter died in the service of the Prince of 
Esterhazy. 
Haydn's compositions exist. in the most astonishing 
variety. They are calculated to amount to 842, inclu« 
ling those of every description: and the following is 
said to be an abstract of a e furnished by him- 
self'in the year 1805. Symphonies, 118 ; various pieces 
for the baritons, 163; instrumental pieces of from five 
_. tonine parts, 20; marches, 3 ; trios for two violins and 
a bass, 21, and 3 for two flutes anda violoncello; 6 so- 
los for violin with tenor accompaniments ; 3 concertos 
for violin and violoncello: 1 for the double bass; 2 for 
horns ; 2 for the trumpet; 1 for the flute; 1 for the 
organ ; and 3 for the harpsichord; 66 sonatas for the 
piano forte, and 83 quartetts. Another unfinished quar- 
tett was found at his death, to which some portion that 
was wanting has been supplied ; and it was performed at 
a grand. concert in commemoration of him at Berlin in 
_ October 1809. This assembly was opened by an eloquent 
_ eulogium on his merits. He also produeed 34 composi- 
tions of church-music ; 5 oratorios; 19 or 20: operas; 
13 airs in three or four pee, 42 simple songs and 
duetts ; 40 canons. Besides these, he wrote preludes 
and basses for 365 Scotch airs; and composed above 
400 minuets, dances, and waltzes. At his death there 
were found 46 unpublished canons, framed to ornament 
his apartment ;_not being rich enough, he said, to pur- 
chase pictures, he had himself made tapestry to cover 
the walls. 
’ Amidst such an infinity of works, the whole of which 
have probably never been heard by any one indivi- 
dual, it is difficult to determine where the preference 
is due. But the fertility of imagination is conspicuous 
throughout, and Haydn’s compositions are ever new. 
Perhaps he has been less successful in the vocal than 
the instrumental departments. None has ever equalled 
his distribution of music in the orchestra, or called 
forth the single and combined powers of instruments 
in an equal degree. Here he has excelled all his pre- 
decessors, his cotemporaries, and successors ; and those 
pieces which he has written for a full band stand un- 
rivalled, whether we attend to the unity of design, the 
relation of parts, or that sudden burst of grandeur 
which amazes the auditor. Next to the symphonies, 
aydn’s quartetts seem to be most admired; they are 
written with apparent simplicity, but almost all of 
them present considerable embarrassment, unless to 
skilful performers. This composer is one of the few 
who presents etual novelty, who never imitates 
himself, and who adapts,intimately and exactly the 
music to those instruments for which it is designed, 
None of his music is tedious or languid, unlike some 
modern compositions, whose authors, ignorant. that 
they are il pra nothing more than preludes or vo- 
“Juntaries, suppose they have taken up an inexhaustible 
‘theme. His minuets and trios are perhaps devised 
‘with more ingenuity, and more calculated to please 
‘than any that favs appeared, and he is particularly suc- 
z in variations on an air, and in modulations. Yet 
it is vain to affirm that equality Ae his works ; 
and it will not appear surprising if inferiority be some- 
times discovered in such a multitude. We should re- 
mark, as a very extraordinary fact, that the lapse of 
VOL. X, PART II. 
665 
yin, that men of real genius are superseded by those who have 
=~ none. He enjoyed a competency 
his total fortune did not exceed £250 at the period of 
HEA 
years had no effect in diminishing the quality of his 
compositions. The first quartett of the free me and 
his last which he wrote, are excellent, though there be 
some difference in their style. Haydn ventured far, 
and was successful ; many have endeavoured to follow 
the same course with doubtful approbation, Perhaps 
had Mozart not been prematurely cut off, he might have 
approached to him in excellence ; but as yet Haydn is 
entitled to be designed the first of modern masters, (c) 
HAYLING, Isie or. See Hampsnine, 
HEAD. See Anatomy, vol. i. p. 776. 
HEALTH. See Aviwents and Lonorwiry, 
HEARING. See Anaromy, vol. i. p. 787. 
_ HEART. See Anatomy, vol. i. p. 807. and vol. 
ii. - 28 ; and Puysro.ocy. 
AIEADLEY, the Rev. Henry, an English poet and 
critic, whose highly promising talents were unfortu. 
nately lost to the world at the early age of 23, was the 
son of a clergyman in Norfolk, and was born at Irstead 
in that a in 1766. He was educated at the gram- 
mar school of Norwich under Dr Parr, and was admit- 
ted a commoner, and elected a scholar of Trinity Col- 
lege, Oxford. At the university, the living example of 
Thomas Warton, then the Senior Fellow of Trinity 
College, seems to have communicated to Headley an en« 
thusiasm for the elder school of English poetry. While 
combining this pursuit with his classical studies, he 
published his Poems and other Pieces in the year 1786; 
and, in the following year, at the age of 22, he pub- 
lished Select Beautiesof Ancient English Poets, with Re- 
marks, In his poems, though marked by eleganceandsen- 
sibility, there was no promise of transcendant genius ; 
but his Remarks on the elder Poets, displayed an ex- 
tent of reading, a comprehensiveness of views, and a 
perspicuity of taste, which were justly regarded with 
wonder in so young a writer. He cannot, indeed, be 
said to be wholly free from partiality and exag; ion, 
in estimating the elder writers, whose beauties he com- 
plains of being neglected; but. still as a critic, he de- 
serves to be remembered in English literature. Mrs 
Cooper, in her neat Biographies and Selections, led the 
way in preserving the memory of our early poets ; War- 
ton contributed immense industry in racreting our 
literary, history ; Percy restored to us our ballad poetry ; 
but in the selections and criticisms of Headley, there is 
a classical taste and condensation of materials, more ele- 
gant than what we meet with in any of his fellow la- 
bourers in the same pursuit. His critiques are like the 
portraits of a master, flattered. indeed, but done with 
general truth and great animation. His life was too 
short to have many events, Some months after leaving 
Oxford, he married, and retired to Matlock in Derby- 
shire, in a spot where the wild scenery accorded with 
his romantic turn of mind. But the symptoms of a 
consumptive tendency, which had before appeared in 
his delicate frame and constitution, began now to make 
rapid advances; and being warned to try the benefit of 
a warmer climate, he had the resolution to take.a voy- 
age to Lisbon, unaccompanied by any one he knew, 
On landing at Lisbon, far from feeling any relief from 
the climate, he found himself opp by its heat. A 
few days would have probably terminated his life, when 
a Mr De Visme, to whom he had. received a letter of 
introduction from the late Mr Windham, invited him 
to his healthful villa, near Cintra, allotted s cious 
apartments for his use, procured for him an able phy- 
sician, amused him with his elegant books, and. gave him 
every chance of benefiting from the change of climate. 
But hie malady was incurable ; and having returned to 
Norwich in the month of August, he expired there, in 
Noy. 1788, in the 23d year of his age. (») 
4p 
Headley. 
