696 HitiL: ¥ = 
ancient Electors and Count Palatines are still tebe seen. Hei 
on the front of the castle ; the remains of the hall of the 
chevaliers are still visible; and the granite columns which 5t 
HEI 
Hegira, ed his health ; and having neglected to take proper care 
Heidelberg. of himself during the severe weather of 1798 when he 
—vY~""_~was visiting his patients, he was attacked by a ca- 
3 = 
tarrhal fever, from which he had scarcely recovered, 
when he was carried off by a nervous fever, on the 7th 
of February 1799, in the 69th year of his age. Out of 
15 children, only four survived him, two sons and two 
daughters. One of his sons, M. Romain Adolphus, pro- 
fessor of botany at Leipsic, published two fasciculi of a 
splendid work on ferns, with coloured plates ; but he 
did not long survive his father. es 
Hedwig was distinguished by all the social virtues. 
He was neither elevated by the high reputation which 
he had acquired, nor depressed by the illiberal criti- 
cisms with which he was assailed. His enjoyments and 
formerly supported a part of the imperial palace at In- 
gelheim near Mayence, are seen supporting the roof of 
the fountain of the castle. ‘Phe subterraneous passage 
extends to the great square in the town. A Restaura- 
teur is now established in the middle of these ruins. 
Heidelberg has been celebrated for its wines, called 
vin du Neckar, obtained from srapes which grow on 
both sides of the mountain ; and for its ious tun, 
which originally contained 528 h 
when it was rebuilt, and which is still shewn to stran< 
rs. It has manufactures of camblets, silk stockin 
and silk handkerchiefs, wax lights, soap, cotton, cl 
his sufferings were of a higher class. They were the ing, paper hangings. The population, which is prin- 
luxuries and the sorrows of domestic life. See De- cipally Lutheran, amounts to 12,000. 
leuze’s Account of the Life and Writings of Hedwig, HEIGHTS. Methods of omy heights by the 
published in the Annales'du Museum d Histoire Natu- Barometer, will be found in our article Pyeumarics, 
relle, vol. ii. and in Brande’s Journal of Science and the 
Arts, vol.-i. p. 103. 
HEGIRA, or Hesera, is an epoch to which the 
Arabs and Mahometans refer historical events. It 
comes from an Arabic word, which signifies fled, and 
the epoch is dated from the night between the 15th and 
16th July A. D. 622, when Mahomet was forced to 
leave Mecca to avoid the persecutions of his enemies. 
The year of the Christian era, corresponding to any 
year of the Hegira, may be found by the following for- 
mula, H being the year of the Hegira, and C that of the 
and trigonometrically in our article Trigonometry. 
HEILBROUN, or Hartsrov, is a town of Germany 
in Suabia, which belonged to the King of Wirtemberg. 
It is situated in a very pleasant and fertile country on 
the banks of the Neckar, which is crossed by a covered 
stone bri The town is strong and well built, and 
has some fortifications, three churches, two convents, 
and public baths. The principal objects of curiosi 
in this town are the Gothic tower of the church of 
Kilian, which is remarkable for its architecture, the 
public library, the house of correction; the t foun- 
ays Hx 354 tain, and the fine enade before the gates of the 
Christian era, C= —3-—— + 622, or C=H x .9692+ town, In the archives of the town are eleaat the 
622. Thus if we wish to know what year of our era 
corresponds with the year of the Hegira 1232, we have 
€=1282 x .96924-622=1816. 
Tables shewing the correspondence between the years 
of the Hegira and those of the Christian era, have been 
given by Greaves in his Epoche Celebriores ; by Riccioli 
in his Chronologia Reformata, 1659; and by Beckius 
in his Ephemerides, 1695. A more correct table has 
been published by Mr Marsden, in his paper On the 
ira of the Makometans called the Hejera, printed in the 
Philosophical Transactions for 1788, vol. lxxviii. p. 414, 
or in the Abridgment, vol. xvi. p. 509. 
HEIDELBERG, is a city of Germany, in the circle 
of the Lower Rhine, formerly the chee of the Palati- 
nate, and recently forming a part of the grand duchy 
of Baden. It is a long and narrow town, and is situa 
ted at the foot of a mountain on the south side of the 
Neckar. This river is crossed by a fine bridge, which 
cost 170,000 florins, and from which there is a fine view 
upon the river. It is surrounded with walls, which 
have six gates. The citadel, called Fort )’Etoile, was 
long ago destroyed by the French. It contains three 
churches for Roman Catholics and Protestants, an uni- 
versity, an economical society, an anatomical theatre, 
a military hospital, a cabinet of minerals models and 
physical instruments, a botanical garden, and more than 
20 fountains, The university was founded in 1386; 
and has been under the direction of 20 professors, 16 
Catholic, and four Reformed. When the Bavarians 
took it in 1622, its library was transferred to the Vati- 
can, by Robert Maximilian of Bavaria. The fine sta- 
tue of the Elector, the church of St Esprit, the church 
ef St Peter, with the sepulchral inscription of the cele- 
brated Olympia Fulvia Morata, are worthy of being 
seen. The castle and the garden of Heidelberg, situa- 
ted near the town, are now inruins. The statues of the. 
4 
letters of the two celebrated Chevaliers Francois de 
Sickingen and Goez de Berlichi , the last of whom 
was imprisoned in a tower, which still remains, and 
was interred in the convent ef Schoenthal near the 
town. The town carries on a trade in tartar 
and all sorts of glass. If contains distilleries of bran- 
dy, paper manufactories, tannaries, oilmills, and wheels 
for tobacco. Population, 8000. : , j 
HELENA, 87, beret ranked by 
arfiong the islands of Lower Guinea, is situated in 15° 
55’ South Latitude, and 5° 49’ 45” West Longitude 
from Greenwich. It is 600 miles from Ascension 
Island, the nearest land, 1200 from the coast of Africa, 
and nearly 2000 from that of America. In sailing from 
Europe, it is generally n , in order to e the 
island, to stretch along the Brazil coast quite out of the 
tropics, till it can be gained by the aid of the south. 
east trade winds ; but of late years the inner or east- 
ernmost passage has frequently been followed, and has 
not uncommonly been made in 7 or 8 weeks from Eng- 
land. <A bird, called the St Helena pigeon, which is 
seen only to the windward of the island, generally in« 
dicates its vicinity to the navigator, long before the- 
land can be discerned by the telescope. 
St Helena was discovered by the Portuguese com- 
mander John de Nova, on St Helen’s day, May 21st 
1501. It was then inhabited only by seals, sea-lions, 
sea-fowls, and turtles. The interior of the island was. 
one entire forest, and even many of the rocky precipi-- 
ces on the coast were covered to: the brink with the- 
ogsheads, and. 600 
Situatior 
Discovery. 
gum wood tree. Its first settlement and improvement History. 
are ascribed to the following interesting occurrence: 
Several Portuguese noblemen, who had deserted in In« 
dia to the native princes, were punished by Albuquer« 
que in the most cruel manner, by’ having their noses, 
ears, and right hands cut off; and in this mutila- 
