asa 
and habits of all sorts, crowns, sceptres, crosiers, car- 
dinals ves, brogues, armour 
for man horse, machines and en- 
arms offensive and defensive, rings, jewels, and 
ereatures which have no existence except 
~ in the imagination of the poets and romancers: cen- 
pad erie co 3 men {i ids, wyverns, (2. “1 eromnr4 
8, » (% e. monsters wi e ies 
tygers feat the heads of satyrs,) are abundantly to be 
met with. Nay, inthe armsof the elder time, and more 
particularly in those of churchmen, we daily encoun- 
ter such combinations of cherubim, seraphim, and an« 
gels, (affrontés, volants, and with wings displayed, ) as to 
say the least of them, appear not a little mdecorous. 
Astonishing, they certainly cannot be esteemed, if we 
bs into our rte are ihe are the works of 
e same men, Ww art of h 
itself was one of the poeta t secrets oferer aid 
once viva voce to Adam from his Maker, as being of 
two great depth and dignity ever to have been discover- 
ed by the mere unassisted intellect of man. 
Of Marks of Cadency. 
_ . $1. The several figures or marks of cadency, which 
have of later times been used for the differencing and 
distinction of houses, in order that their of de- 
scent may be known, are for the first an Avanex; for 
the second a Crescent ;/ for the third a Mutter ; for 
the fourth a Martcer ;* the fifth an Annutetr; the 
sixth a FLEUR-DE-LIs; the seventh a rose; the eighth 
a CROSS MOLINE; and for the ninth a pouBLE QUATRE- 
ror. See Plate CCXCII. ‘ 
These marks are said to have been invented by modern 
heralds, in order that coat-armour might descend to pos- 
terity with safety. Certain it is, however, that they 
are far from answering some at least of the purposes for 
which were intended; for these marks, when 
painted ona shield of arms, are so small, complicated, 
and confused, that they are scarcely distinguishable. 
The ancient heralds adopted a better method. They 
made choice of more conspicuous brizures, and pitched 
on the border the bend, and armorial additions, as also 
changes of the tinctures, and of the position of’ the 
charges, as being more intelligible tokens of difference. 
Thus an old family of Salop, the Corbettes, bore or a 
raven sable, the second branch took two ravens, the third 
three, the fourth four, and a still younger branch bore 
their ravens within a border. It was the most usual 
method to have these borders of difference com of 
the.arms of’ the first marriage that had established the 
particular branch of the family which first assumed 
such border. The Manwarings of Salop bore argent 
two bars gules. The younger branches went on increa- 
sing the number of' bars, till one took ten bars. The 
Warrens originally bore cheque or and azure. But the 
at mae took or and azure on a canton 
a Lion rampant argent, being the arms of the 
mother a Mowbray. Others took é of the mater- 
nal. coat, and added to their father’s coat, to shew that 
it;was a younger branch descended on the mother’s 
* This bird, represented in heraldry as ¢ovs or sive pedibus, “ is given,” saith Bekenhawth, ** for a difference to 
put them in mind to trust to their wings of Vertue and merit to raise themselves, 
HERALDRY. 727 
the 
side from such a particular family, 
above mentioned marks of distinetion, 
» but not any to shew that 
is his first, second, or daughter. 
Of Additions of Honour. 
$2. Certain ordinaries have been, from what cause Additions. 
it is difficult to say, selected as more than others 
for bearing and exhibiting heraldic additions of honour, 
and augmentations of arms. These are nine in num 
pos viz. nh i ox rter, the canton, the > 
e pile, asque, nche, the voider, and thé ess 
porn! of pretence. T have all at various times 
been in vogue. In the days of King Henry VIII. the 
ile had the preference, and was by him granted to the 
ly Jane Seymour, and to the Lady Catharine Parr. 
But of late years, the quarter and canton are most in 
use, 
Abatements of Honour. 
83. By abatements of honour, we are to understand Abatements 
‘¢ Such figures as heraldic authors affirm were, by judg~ of honour, 
ments of the court military, to be added or annexed to 
coat armour, in order to denote some ungentlemanlike, 
dishonourable, or disloyal act, demeanour, quality stain, 
or vice in the bearer, and whereby the dignity of the said 
coat armour is greatly abased.’”’ These abatements of hos 
nour are in like manner nine in number, viz. 
Ist, A delf (or turf) tenné, for him who revokes or 
recedes from a challenge. 
2d, An escutcheon reversed sanguine occupying the 
middle point of the escutcheon of arms, for him who de« 
flowers a maid or widow, or flies from the banner of 
his prince. 
3a, A point dexter parted tenné, for a braggadochio, or 
vain-glorious boaster of acts un r 
4th, A point in point sanguine, for a person guilty of. 
ily ll poind.hampeing deané, fic hin who ila his 
5th, A point ¢ ine tenné, im w 
i atter quarter demanded. 
6th, ‘A plain point sanguine, for him who lieth to his 
prince or gen ; ; 
7th, A gore sinister tenné, for him who behaveth base« 
ly towards his enemy. : 
8th, A gusset sanguine, on the dexter side for an 
adulterer, on the sinister for a drunkard. 
9th, The whole coat turned upside down, or reversed, for 
a traitor. 
N. B. These are always given in the English 
systems, but are ridiculed by the Scotch writers, and by 
the Jesuit Menestrier termed “ English fancies.” The 
truth is, no instance is furnished paged the books ~W 
such fi ing actually borne for purposes al- 
Sean tins that many of these figures are fre« 
quently used! as marks of honour. 
Of Marshalling Coat- Armour. 
$4. “ Arms,” according to Nisbet, “ are said to be o¢ y{a:shal- 
marshalled, when ensigns-of honour and dominion, or ling. 
the entire arms of other families, are joined with the 
paternal arms of the bearer by partition lines, making 
brethren to 
and not to their legs, having little land to prt their foot 
