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Heraldry. distinct areas or compartments in one shield.” Edmon- 
———" stone defines marshalling of arms “ an orderly dispos- 
Pirate 
CCXClt. 
Fig, 1. 
Fig. 4. 
Fig. 7. 
Fig. 8. 
ing of sundry coats belonging to distinct families in 
their proper places within one shield, by impaling and 
quartering.” Marshalling is moreover extended to the 
disposition of the appurtenances of such arms without 
the escutcheon. : 
Women, unless they are sovereign queens or prin- 
cesses, by the rules of heraldry, bear their paternal 
arms in a lozenge or shield ; and therefore, when ee 
marry, it has been the custom to impale their arms wit! 
those of their husbands, in order to shew that alliance ; 
which is called ‘ arms en baron et femme.” 
Impaling has been practised in three different man- 
ners. First, by dimidiation, (Plate CCXCIII. Fig. 1.) 
that is, by halving or cutting the shields of both husband 
and wife into two equal s, and joining the dexter 
half of the husband’s to the sinister half of the wife’s, 
so as to form one shield. In this mode (called in their 
tongue accoleé) the French kings used to impale the 
arms of Navarre. The second mode is dimidiating the 
husband’s arms, and impaling them with the full coat 
of his wife, (Fig. 2.) The third mode (Fig. 3.) and 
that now in use in England, is that of impaling the two 
full coats, except when one of them hath a border ; 
for this can never be carried all round an impaled shield, 
but must stop at both ends where the two shields meet, 
(Fig. 4.) ~ 
Dimidiation of arms was much used long before en« 
tire impalements were in use, Margaret, sister to 
Philip IV. of France, and second wife to Edward I. 
of England, had om her seal, in the year 1299, the arms 
of England so dimidiated with those of France, and 
she was the first queen of England who had her arms 
so marshalled. The same method prevailed in France 
up to the time of the Revolution. But the reasons 
which have induced the English heralds to lay it aside 
are certainly very powerful ; for were it practised as of 
old, no end could be put to the jumble and confusion 
which it must infallibly create. For example, dimidi- 
ate the arms of CLarg, viz. or three cheverons gules, and 
impale them on the woman’s side with any coat, and 
you will have or three bends gules. Again dimidiate 
the coat of Waldegrave, viz. per pale argent and gules 
for the man, and it will be only a white field ; but do 
the same for the sister, and then it becomes a red field. 
Besides this impaling by way of baron and fémme, 
the husband in Scotland frequently quarters his wife’s 
coat with his own, on account of her being an heiress, 
2. e. he divides a shield into four equal parts by coupe 
and party. In the first and fourth areas are the hus- 
band’s arms ; in the second and third those of the lady : 
(See Fig..5.) But in England the husband of an heiress 
more commonly places his wife’s arms on an inescut- 
cheon in the centre of his coat, and’ this is termed an 
escutcheon of pretence. See Fig. 6. 
The other methods of accumulating many coats in one 
shield, which have been of common use in other Euro- 
pean countries, have never much prevailed in Scotland. 
Of these the principal are, First, that by tranchie and 
taille-lines ; thus a.coat parted per saltier,is divided into 
four conal quarters or areas, &c. called in French tranchée 
taillée, as in the well-known arms of Sicily. Quarterly 
per saltier, first and fourth, or Sour pallets gules for Arra= 
on ; second and third argent an eagle displayed sable, 
eaked and membered gules, for Suabia. (Fig. 7.) SEconp- 
LY, (as in Fig. 8.) by surmounting coats already quarter- 
ed with inescutcheons, by the French termed surletout, 
1 
HERALDRY. 
, 
When ‘this inescutcheon is i od, or quarter 
with diverse coats of sensi ate Pee ae forte 
most le-towt-du-tout. This mode was practised in the 
atchievement of the Princes of , of the family of 
Nassau, before their late elevation to the kingly rank ; 
thus, quarterly, Ist, azure, semée of billets, a lion ram« 
part or, for Nassau. 2d, Or-a lion rampant. dant 
gules crowned, langued, and armed azure, for a enw 
try of Catzellenbogen. 3d, Gules a fess argent, for the 
house of Vianden. 
4th, Gules two oop vr langued 
' and armed azure, for the country of Dietz. Over all — 
an inescutcheon by way of surtout, quarterly. 1st and 
cs: a a bend gh Beats Mc 8d, Or a 
unting horn azure virole and stringed for the 
principality of Orange: which sematihibon is again 
surmounted by another by way of le-tout-du-tout, viz. 
cheque or and azure of nine points as a coat of pretence 
for the city of Geneva. 
Moreover, in foreign heraldry, the quarters are often 
divided by the pale or the fess, which ordinaries are 
then again charged with escutcheons. « And the ordi« 
nary of the cross is often used in this very way by our« 
selves, as in the arms of the St Clairs, Earls’ of Caith- 
ness, who bear quarterly, 1st, azure, a ship at anchor, 
&c. for the earldom of Orkney. 2d and 3d, Or a lion 
rampant gules, for the name of Sparr. 4th, azure a shi 
under sail, for the title of Caithness; and, over all divi: 
ing the coats a cross engrailed sable, for Sinclair. 
The third way (Fig 9.) is by tiercing and engrafting, Puate 
(by the French called Entée), an icencoot ede Comme 
to of Gieat Britain, Fig- 9 
seen in the arms of the Ki 
bre paternal eee is, Ist, The arms of Bruns. 
wick, gules two lions passent guardant or, impaled with 
those of Tatdaabeaigl on abslle iF luearts Gules a lion 
rampant azure armed and langued as the hearts, and 
srahed by way of entee between the impaling in point; 
the arms of I.ower Saxony gules a horse current argent ; 
or, more shortly, Brunswick and Lunenburgh impaled 
par she ae porto inte, 
e fourth and Jast m ed for marshalling 
of arms, is by dividing the shield into a plurality of 
areas or quarters by many and coupée lines, 
which when drawn ap like the areas of a chequer, 
divided by perpendicular and horizontal lines. (Fig. 
10.) By this method any number of coats may be Fig. 10, _ 
brought in; but it seems to be agreed by the best au- 
thors, that the number of marshalled arms in one shield 
should not exceed six or eight quarters at most, and 
these always charged on the warrantable grounds and 
reasons of the bearer having many territories or feus, 
or matching with heiresses, or as arms of alliance or 
pretension. The Germans, it is true, are in use to ac« 
cumulate twenty or thirty coats in one shield ; but this 
is always on account of their many territories or feus, 
to shew how many votes they have in the circles of 
the empire. The French also have many quarterings, 
though not so many as the Germans, their feus being 
neither so many nor so free, and the whole succession 
of these dignities belonging always to the eldest son. 
whereas in Germany the younger brothers share with 
the eldest in the dignity and titles of honour of the 
family. In Scotland, the prejudices of the heralds seem 
always to have run a strong against many quarter- 
ings, in so much that few have followed the example 
set them by Queen Mary of Lorraine, whose rich and 
loaded escutcheon is still to be seen in many parts of 
the kingdom, impaled with the simple bearing of her 
husband James V.; almost the only instances of the 
