HERALDRY. 
hind the shield, and above the same a green hat with 
ten tassels hanging down on each side. 
Our modern archbi in England place a mitre 
affrontée on the top of the shield, (Fig. 11.) issuing 
a ducal coronet, and having two labels or pend- 
ants hanging from it, and behind the shield two cro- 
siers in saltire. _ Bishops use the mitre alone, proceed- 
ing from a plain cirelet of gold, without any other ex- 
terior ornaments. 
Abbots of the Roman church use a mitre in profile, 
and a crosier in pale behind the shield; above both a 
black hat with a knotted cord, and six tassels on each 
side, as may be seen in many of our Scottish abbeys, 
such as Holyroodhouse, Paisley, &c. Priors, provosts, 
deans, and chanters of the church of Rome, are all dis- 
tinguished by similar marks, such as palm-branches, 
pastoral staves, &c. 4 
Ensigns of Civil and Military Offices. 
46. In France and Germany it has always been the 
custom of the great civil officers to denote by some exte- 
rior ornament of the shield their station and dignity. 
In Scotland likewise this practice was common before 
the union; but in spite of the unceasing erfleavours 
of the heralds of England, the great officers of that 
kingdom have never complied with the customs of 
their brethren in the other states. The only 
established civil officer in England who is distinguished 
by any armorial ensign of his official dignity, is the Earl 
Marshall, who carries behind the shield of his arms fwo 
batons in saltier sable, the ends gold. When there is a 
deputy Earl-marshall, he is permitted to carry one baion 
in bend dexter, exactly as was used in Scotland. 
The chancellor of Scotland bore behind his shield 
two maces in saltire, ensigned with imperial crowns; as 
also under the shield a purse with the strings .open, 
pendant, fretted, nowed, buttoned, and tasselled ‘gules, 
embroidered with the reyal arms. ; 
In addition to these, the chancellor of France has a 
proper cap of gold, (mortier d’or) turned up ermine 
‘on the helmet, 
The presidents of the parliaments in France had in 
the same way their proper cap of black velvet edged 
with gold galloon. 
The lord high chamberlain in Scotland had two keys 
disposed in saltire behind his shield, in the same man- 
ner as the grand chambrier of France. 
~The justice general of Scotland carried two naked 
— in saltire behind his shield, the points being up- 
war’ f 
The lord high treasurer in Scotland carried a white 
staff ensigned on the top, with an imperial crown in 
pale behind his shield. 
. The office of cup-bearer being of old hereditary in 
the house of Southesk, these Earls carried a golden cup 
in their arms, 
The king’s foresters carried hunting horns; as Bur- 
net in the northern forest, and Forester of that ilk, in 
the southern. | So did the grand veneur of France. 
The grand pannetier of France carries under his arms 
© atich cover and knife and fork in saltire. 
The lord high constable of Scotland carries on each 
side of the base part of his shield, an arm gauntletted fess- 
ways, issuing out of a cloud, and grasping a sword erect- 
ed in pale at the dexter and sinister sides of his shield, all 
proper hilted and oR. 
n France many other exterior marks of the same 
sort were in use, all sufficiently intelligible without 
735 
previous description, as the (1 master of artillery, 
who carried under his arms ag field pieces, &e. 
But in no kingdom were either external or internal 
ensigns of dignity so extensively used, or 20 systemati- 
cally arranged as in France, during the empire of Na- 
leon, Not only were princes, grand dignitaries, 
ukes, counts-senators, counts-archbishops, counts-mi- 
litary, barons-military, baron-bishops, and chevaliers, 
distinguished by mantles lined in’ didierent manners ; 
but for each of these ranks of ms there was set 
apart some one of the hono le ordinaries, which, 
either by its charge, its colour, or its position, immedi- 
pig Areca rege wi pean pp vere a 
er : Thus the princes dignitaries 
a chief of azure c ba da bees of ; dukes, a 
chief’ of azure with stars of silver ; counts-sena- 
oo a canton aeeest azure, char; with a mirror in 
e or, in which a nt w: ent it- 
self; seadie andiiaices. on a a Pity _pethnga a 
cross patee’ or; counts-military, on a canton-dexter 
azure, a sword erect in pale argent mounted or, &c. 
The canton dexter always d a count, the canton 
sinister a baron, Chevaliers of the legion of honour 
laced the cross of their order on any one of the nine 
onourable ordinaries which preferred. In this 
heraldry supporters are entirely laid aside, and the no- 
bility, under the rank of princes, are distinguished ne 
the number of feathers in the plume of the bonnet wi 
which the shield is timbred. See Plate CCXCIV. Fig. 
12. shewing the Arms of a Duke under Napoleon. 
Of Ensigns of Chivalry or Knighthood. 
47; Knights of the different sovereign orders in Eu- 
rope are in use, to surround their shields with the col- 
lars of their orders; and if any one has more orders than 
one, the collar of the most ancient order ought of right 
to be placed nearest the shield. In Britain, however, it 
has become the practice for knights of the garter to 
place their shields within the garter itself, not the col- 
lar of the order, and always to give this most dignified 
order the preference over every other, by assigning to 
its ensign the place of honour nearest to the escutcheon. 
For a particular account of the several orders now so 
much in vogue among the sovereigns of Europe, see the 
article KnigurHoop, 
Of the Compartment. 
48. The compartment is that figure,on which theshield 
and su usually rest. When the bearer has more 
mottos one, if one of them relate to the su’ 
or figures of the shield, it should be placed in the com- 
partment ; if one relate to the crest, it should be in an 
escrole thereupon. Heralds agree, that the com 
ment is in general intended to represent the or 
feu of the person below whose shield it lies, although it 
be sometimes granted or assumed in memory of some 
remarkable action. An instance of the ent 
thus applied, is to be found, says Nisbet, “ in that of 
tlie Baris of Douglas, who obtained the right or, | 
their. supporters placed within a pale of wood wreathed, 
because the Lord Samos, in King Robert Bruce's time, 
defeated the English in the forest of Jedburgh, and, 
that they might not escape, caused wreath im 
that ‘part of the wood, by which he conjectured 
might make their ” The territorial compart- 
ment may, in like manner, be illustrated from the same 
family. William, first Earl of Douglas and Mar, has 
Heraldzy. 
—— 
whe 
dry. 
PLaTEe 
CCXCIV. 
Fig, 12. 
Badges of 
knighthood. 
Conspart- 
ment, 
