HERMAPHRODITE. 
753 
the:rudiments of the :mammre exist in all the males of place, and the result is includi: owng 
, mankind and quadrupeds; and that before the age of other, this inland sabettibeandl, A one 
‘inthe former, and when the powers of the tail by division. ft remains 
: separates 
creation cease, there isa more intimate resemblance bes a shapeless mass, and absolutely quicscen j 
tween the jsexes than atother ‘periods. Nor is it toybe evolution of ‘wanting organs enables it te poten en 
omitted, that emasculation produces a decided approxi« the functions of the rape Having remained a cér~ 
mation to the feminine character.—But, in prosecuting tain time complete, this new animal loses a fragment 
the intermixture of sexes in animals, anexample is gene- of the tail to Eaces another perfect being; an thus 
givenin thefree martin,onwhich the late celebrated their race is carried on. These creatures, therefore 
Mr John Hunter observes“ When a cow brings forth seem to possess such structure as to enable each indivi« 
two calves, and one of oo snow goute5 the other dua) to reproduce its like. 
to appearance a cow, the cow is unfit for propaga- Instances of mixed organs are of y ocecur- 
tion, but the bull calf becomes a very bull. rence in the human mona tien most anieamiad kind 
This cow calf «is ‘called in this country a free martin.” of configurations, indeed, are those which pase by the 
Mr Hunter, on dissection, found such: an intermixture name of herma ism. The older authors, never- 
of organization, that the animal always partakes of the theless, on findi ig any monstrosities or imperfections 
nature of ‘both sexes, though that of the one is some- in the sexual parts, immediately nced the indi- 
times more predominant than that of the other. Itsex- vidual a hermaphrodite ; but as they were constantly 
ternal aspect is also different from the appearance of in search of the marvellous, we must repose the less 
each, and. it never*betrays any’ sexual propensities. confidence in their obseryations. Nay, the moderns 
The muscular texture and the voice are peculiar, and have, in some cases, too hastily bestowed this character ; 
the size is considerably larger than that of either bull and we are told of an instance where “ the fore parts of 
or cow: Apparently there is much analogy between the unhappy object were entirely wanting ; even the 
the free martin and an emasculated animal. Mr Hun- bladder was not entire. It had the appearance as if the 
ter observes, that he has frequently seen'hermaphrodite external parts of generation, and the anterior part of 
horses; that» he dissected a hermaphrodite ass; and the bladder, had been cut off. Yet this unhappy ob- 
that of this description are also to be'found. The ject was vulgarly called a hermaphrodite.” 
dissection of ah ite dog is given by Sir Eve- The malformations of men are more frequently seen 
rard Home in the Philosophical Transactions for 1799, and constitute the second class of hermaphrodites. Mr 
where there was only one characteristic of the female Brand relates, that being consulted in 1779, on ocea- 
decidedly present. owever, there appear several rea- sion of some complaint in the groin ofa child seven years 
sons to conclude, that some of the animals quoted as__ of age, he found a vicious structure of the sexual organs, 
undoubted ° hrodites, ought rather to be classed consisting of the unnatural presence of an integument 
with females ing under vicious conformation. confining the parts. This Sita had been baptized and 
The intermixture of the masculine organs is not suffi- brought up as a girl: but it was evident to him erro- 
ciently prominent. neously, for the male organs were present. By a slight 
It has been observed, that among wild pheasants, a incision of the integument, he liberated the restricted 
hen sometimes with the feathers of a cock ; yet, parts, and proved, to the t admiration of the 
on dissection, the female organs are fours) complete. rents, that they had mistaken a boy for a girl. The 
Mr Hunter conceives, that this is a change which en- operator narrates these facts in a pamphlet, accom- 
gues at a certain age, and ae to the cessation of panied by three engravings as large as life, of the 
the ive faculties; and he traces the history of appearances before and after the operation. Wris- 
where the alteration took Butondescend- berg, a German anatomist, in discussing a case of 
ill lower among the ani tribes, we find a multi- malformation, quotes an instance of a child probably 
pry of beings possessing the absolute'charac- labouring under a similar restriction. The parents, 
ter of hi hrodism. Many of the mollusca contain in- who were Jews, entertained so much doubt regarding 
dividually the perfect organs belonging to either sex, the sex of their offspring, that they had deferred the 
not by accidental admixture or malformation, but by accustomed rite of circumcision until it should be de- 
Herme- 
phrodite. 
—— 
Masculine 
malforma- 
tion, 
regular, natural arrangement. A sexual union takes termined whether it was actually a boy or a girl. But - 
place ; all impregnate, and are impregnated ; and, this it died at the age of eight months. The same author 
ensues by a singular and Satie tahiee distribution of the mentions, that he removed a lesser restriction in a 
parts. Such'is the case with many of the mollusca, young man ; and speaks of another person aged 46, 
or soft bodied animals with external or, and those reputed a hermaphrodite, mes — not — t to 
in general included under the order Helminthelogy. nrotee an operation, which, ps, would easi 
There can be no eration, however, without ey have determined his sex. His wife, to whom he res 
mutual concourse ; but in the animalculainfusoria, some been married five years, then obtained a divorce against 
seem perfect hermaphrodites, in so far as they him, on-account of impotency. An example of a mis~ 
gate in an isolated state, while in others the sexual union _ take in sex ander more doubtful circumstances, is given 
seems requisite, In the numerous genus of polypi, the by Abraham Kauu Boerhaave, a member of the Peters- 
young animal protrudes from the side of the a 4a and burgh Academy of Sciences. Thechild sabres or 
in its turn becomes a parent in the same way, whileno was baptized Charlotte, and for some time up 
union with another sex follows; or, as in the actinia, and treated asa girl. But the parents afterwards enter~ - 
the-. are formed within, and then discharged by | tained some doubts regarding its real sex, and at the » 
the mo The subject of hermaphrodism may be age of seven resorted to skilful to establish the 
still farther illustrated by a series of experiments which truth. Instead of being a girl, as had been suppo- 
have recently been made on an extraordinary race of sed, it was declared to be a boy. Sex, however, is 
animals'bearing some analogy to the leech and snail, much more doubtful, though the predominance of or- 
called planaree. In one species, the sexual union takes 
VOL, X- PART i. ' 
ganization indicates the male, where the scrotum is 
5c¢ 
