Herma- 
phrodite. 
Feminine . 
malforma- 
tion, 
754 
absent, with a fissure in the perineum, or a misdi- 
rection of the urethra. In the Transactions of the 
Academy of Siena, a person named Augustine Broli, 
is described as being reputed a hermaphrodite, and 
having so little of the male configuration, that he doubt- 
ed whether he ought to marry. On consulting Dr 
Caluri, however, he was assured he might do so with 
safety. If the description be correct, procreation was 
impossible. Persons have been mistakenly educated 
and employed as of a sex to. which they did not be- 
long. This was the case with a young man who was 
brought up.and dressed as a woman, yet after he died 
he was found to be essentially a man. Caspar Bauhin, 
likewise, speaks of a servant hired by a peasant, who 
being viewed with remarkable favour by his wife, led 
to an unexpected discovery of sex, under a malforma- 
tion. An instance of doubtful sex, though more pro- 
bably referable to the third class, is quoted by Acker- 
mann, in the case of Dorothea Derrier. Here opposite 
opinions were entertained by three medical men, Hufe- 
land, Mursinna, and Stark, from the sexual formation 
conjoined with the general character of the whole body. 
The malformation of the male seems to be much more 
uncommon in animals, or perhaps it has attracted less 
attention. : 
But the third class into which beings with a preter- 
natural sexual structure may be divided, namely, fe- 
males with malformations, is the most comprehensive of 
the whole. Nay, there are reputable authors who in- 
clude all the rest under it, maintaining, that among 
the human race especially, the issue of every question- 
able case is, proving the subject a woman. any ex- 
amples are collected by Dr Parsons, to whose Mecha- 
nical and Critical Enquiry into the Nature of Herma- 
phrodites, we shall reter tor the detail. The females of 
this class are sometimes designed the macroclitoridee, 
from the preternatural enlargement they exhibit, and 
which is frequently such as to assume the appearance 
of virility, even in an adult. In the warmer climates, 
this being more usual, though probably not to a great 
extent, but attended with other circumstanees, the 
operation of excision, concerning which the reader may 
consult the eastern travellers Niebuhr, Bruce, and 
Browne, is resorted to. Yet this malformation gene- 
rally has other concomitants, either in corresponding 
restrictions in the rest of the sexual organization, flat- 
ness of the breast, woolliness on the chin, or a hoarser 
voice than belongs to females. De Graaf, a celebrat- 
ed anatomist, mentions a female child which, from a 
preternatural enlargement, had been taken for a male, 
and baptized as such. It died, and he, along with se- 
HERMAPHRODITE. 
secretions denoting virility were proportionally copious. 
These facts being known to several physicians, the vi- 
cars general were consulted on the subject, and the re« 
sult was to compel the hermaphrodite to adopt the 
apparel of a man, under the name of Arnaud Mauluse, 
and to learn some profession. We are further told, that 
those concerned had no difficulty on the point, because 
“the hermaphrodite was sufficient] ble of the 
functions of a man, but of none belonging to a wo 
man.” Notwithstanding the necessity of compliance, 
however, this individual seems to have been dissatis« 
fied with such a compulsory change of sex, and not 
finding it congenial to her nature, she afterwards so« 
licited the king’s permission to resume female attire. 
Some persons have supposed, that she merely exhibit~ 
ed a prolapsus utert of an unusual form. Even with« 
in these few years, a woman was shewn as a herma- 
phrodite in London, pretending to the ities of 
a male, who suffered under the same disease. The decep= 
tion was detected, but not until a large sum had been 
realized by her, when she changed her abode. How- 
ever, the enlargement exciting the idea of the 
of virility, is beyond dispute in adult females, Tealdus 
Columbus says, a gipsey, whom he conceived to be a her= 
maphrodite, requested him to perform an amputation 
of the superfluous organization, which he declined from 
apprehensions of danger. Between 1730 and 1740, an 
African slave being brought from Angola to Bristol, 
and carried from thence to London, was exhibited as a 
hermaphrodite. She was about 26 years of age, pre- 
sented nothing masculine in voice or appearance, but 
exhibited the like enlar, mt as before, attended with 
some other slight malformations. Dr Douglas made 
drawings of the whole; and Mr Parsons having also 
seen the individual, concluded that she was absolutely 
afemale. In the year 1750, a French woman, aged 
18 years, was shewn also in London as a hermaphro- 
dite, with what was called, “ an inordinate enlarge- 
ment” of the organ, and corresponding restrictions of 
a preternatural appearance. Sir Everard Home speaks 
of a Mandingo woman, carried from Africa to the East 
Indies, with flat breasts, a rough voice, and masculine 
countenance ; who exhibited,‘ besides, all the eer 
ance of virility in enlargement, while the rest of the 
sexual organization seemed in the natural state. 
It is exceedingly probable that almost the whole ani« 
mals vulgarly esteemed Pai, ecleny are of this class, 
females with malformations ; because whatever uncers 
tainties prevail, there is always a decided predominance 
of the latter sex, though the masculine nature be very 
obscure. From these and similar uncertainties, a chan, 
of sex is said to have sometimes ensued in mankind. Nor Reputed 
is it improbable that this was firmly credited, since a dis- change of 
eased female may, to cursory inspection, manifest the °° 
veral physicians and surgeons, having obtained an op- 
portunity of dissecting the body, first had a drawing 
made of the external appearance ; and then proceeding 
to a more strict examination, pronounced the organs 
those of a female only. An account has been given 
of a hermaphrodite in France, which merits parti 
cular attention, either in establishing the fact of her- 
maphrodism, or in illustrating how the learned may 
be deceived. Towards the year 1686, a maid-ser- 
vant, named Margate Mauluse, born near Tolouse, 
was brought to the hospital of that city. She was 
about 21 years of age, with a ferninine mien andy 
appearance, a handsome face, and agreeable expres- 
sion, her bosom well“formed, but she presented the 
male sexual organization, intermixed with the female 
structure. The evacuations peculiar to the sex were 
regular and abundant, as was testified by the attending 
physician ; and, according to what he understood, the 
semblance of virility. This imaginary change is most 
usually of women into men, and rarely of men into 
women. . However Caspar Bauhin relates, that a child 
was baptised as a boy, became a soldier, and married a 
woman, with whom he lived seven years. But the 
supposed husband himself becoming pregnant, was most 
unexpectedly delivered of a caught and upon an in- 
vestigation by the magistrates of the place of his resi~ 
dence, it appeared there was a malformation, never 
disclosed by the wife, and that the husband had on 
some occasion cohabited with a Spaniard. Thus the 
person supposed to be a male, proved in fact to be a fe- 
male, Another instance, which seems to have been first 
related by Dr Douglas, an eminent anatomist, happened 
in London, where one of two waiters living in a tavern 
