HOLLAND. 



81 



E nk 



Brabant and Germany. The bleaeberiee of Hacrlem 

 have \viig been famous tor the drltcate whiteness 

 which they give to linen cloth*, Urge quantities of 

 which arc annually brought hither from all parts of the 



undergo this operation ; 



ami before the war between Holland and Britain, and 

 the unpruvemmt" mode in the process of bleaching, 

 by mean* of the oxy muriatic acid, much was sent from 

 Ireland and Scotland. The principal inhabitants of 

 Anuterdaiu and other neighbouring places, abo send 

 their linen to be washed and bleached at Haerlem. 



The superior whihinm of the hUsrheriss of this town 

 i attributed to some peculiar quality in the water of 

 the lake of Haerlem. .Some woollen doth is 



tuml at Delll, and other plac*, but LeyUn is the 

 principal teat of this branch of ntaa^hctavt: here is a 



for eauMnining and searing *Ht dash. 

 Thl* manuCicTure i* at present in a vary decayed state : 

 half * century ago, there were annually snade upwards 

 of 100,000 pieces; and many thousand ndswtnou* 

 workmen were employed. Tue woollen anilhrtswai, 

 in all Holland, at the beginning of the 18th century, 

 amounted to about 2OO.OOO pieces of broad doth. 



serge*, baixe, stuff*. Ac. whereas in the year 1808, they 

 did not exceed dO.OUO pieces ; and in I8O4, the whose 

 manulactu: amount to 400.CNJO rlU of doth. 



TLe effects of this decay were strikingly evinced at 

 Lcydrn, the population of which fell front 80000 to 

 30,000 The manufacture* of Ui is city do not appear, 

 even in their nost flourishing mudstian. to hare rivalled 

 in the fineness of their articles, the loom, of Faglsna; 

 but their coarse doth* found a ready safe en the conti- 

 nent, sr I tin I'm in I Ti si laais tmmfmiim iiiiuaiid 

 them ready markets in the other quarters of the globe. 



in ore- 



pendently of Uiose which have produced general de- H..U: 

 c*y of manufacture* and commerce in Holland, are the *""~ 

 immense qmotirisi of porcelain which, for a century 

 MM! a half, have been imparted in Europe from China ; 

 and the rival manufactures which, during that time, 

 have been established in Germany and England. The 

 earthen ware <af Stafordshire was some yearn ago so 

 much approved of in Holland, that the states general, 

 in order to protect the manufacturers of Delft from ab- 

 sole** rain, vert obliged to lay duties on its importation 

 into the republic, which were so sevec* as to amount 

 almost to an entire prohibition. Glass, especially glass claw. 

 toys, arc made in several parts of Holland. The glass- 

 house in Rotterdam was formerly deemed the best in 

 the Seven Provinces. It made a number of glass toys 

 wid enaaaellcd bowls, which were exported to India, 

 and rtrhanged for china ware, 



oo o s cy a ves quany o r 

 latter principally whet are called Dut 

 dhuyea*. salt brought from Brittany 

 The breweries and diatilleries in H 



A. the commerce of Holland declined, that of Britain 

 increased, and the l| I if III af Yorkahire deprived 

 the manufacturer* of I ay dm of the foreign aaariers to 

 och w extent, that the Dutch nmhauta 

 it was for their interest to export English dots, in j 



Hi iftil of their own country. . 



of Leyden also jecwad * injury 

 the continent, from the essabUahmeot of extrntive 

 looms in nrious parts of Germany and the Nether. 



the universal practice of smoking Pl 

 the Dutch, it nay naturally be supposed that 



Theae a noted manutacture of them at Gouda ; they 

 are remarkably neat, and a very uetiasJM trade of 

 then is carried on. They make also in the neighbour' 

 hood of this city a rest quantity of bricks and vies, the 

 pally what are called Dutch tiles. At En. 



is refined. 



"Holland are nunae- Bnveris. 

 and extensive. Drift, Gouda. and Muyden see **+ 



for their beer. The beer made "** 

 is chiiny consumed in that place and the ad- 

 country. In the 15th century, the town of 

 'Coada had MO breweries, from which Zealand and a 

 great part of Flanders were furnished with beer. In 

 1518, they had JirrnMid to 159; in the yew 1598. 

 there were 155 ; in 1 38%, there were 1*6 ; and in the 

 year 1808, there were only two. These, however, 

 beer of excellent quality ; imitating London 



. however, it U drank 



had*, which then ceased to draw any 

 supplies from Leyden. In the year 1808. the minister 

 rior made a report to thr king gf UsUand. 

 on the state of the woollen manvngtuars, fran which it 

 U srtnw|Hi were then nafcngto inpiiin the 

 Dutch wool, by the introduction of Merino sheep, and 

 to revive the woollen manufacture, of Leyden. The 

 aaajjbaferen of this city are extolled Mjr theatonMfcy, 

 beantf , and rxceQsj* Quality a* their anth* and kersey. 

 cm; and, from a passage in the report, it appears 

 i oui. bad noaferrrd tne golden priWof honour on 

 ey<k doth. This report also give. an,, hv 

 ; other brancWs of .oelaws anw*. 

 >nchn <riaa, fomrrly imported 

 _ to have been made at Am.ter. 



dap { the blanket* of Leyden are saeiitioued as of ex- 

 cellent quality ; and the silver pfisc of honour seem to 

 nave^coaferTrdontn.cmmUthsAlrfthata.y. 



Del* was formerly fonMH, /Gar its manufacture of 

 earthen ware, which rivalled the porcelain of China, 

 and was generally .ought after and esteemed through- 

 out Europe, for its elegance and beauty. In the year 

 1800, there were scarcely 5OO persons aBmassj.J n the 



out of the cask, it is very inferior ; but after it has bean 

 in battles for some tone, its Uete is nearly as agreea- 

 ble as London bottled porter, from which it is difficult 

 to distinguish it. Muyden M noted for good beer cal- 

 led Hmish physic. The distillation of ardent spirits 



U,.r h, |--,'. U |: 1 .r',-' l .rr'.,t >. n, ^sjeksjawtj 



nWsUTJnl nttf ntsV OCnMVBa I W nttStlsUrnOsV |H tiwat JPJwsf* 



1T08. MO. and m the: 



offfjm. The w*ois dWleru, o/ ta* 



would oroduce annually S.IMJST* ankers;' but the 



ant /grain renders it necessary to reduce this fjuaa- 



ni nild. which leave* 1,400,000 ankers, of 

 in the country, and the 



tity o 



wUah 4*6.000 are 

 exported. 



' 



eet number of sawing mills in Hoi. Sawing 

 in the vicinity of Rotterdam. They mUU - 



plisiinf object*, the mill generally 

 lop of a Mbetantial building two or 

 three stones high. Some of than am painted in a 



rising 



I " Ui.r , 



potterie. of thi. pUce ; whereat, ki their neat flourish, 

 me dajr*. they gave subsistence to upwards of IO.OOO. 

 The principal causes of this 



VOL. II. r.*BT I. 



decay, iode. 



whimsical taste, and others adorned \rith grotesque fi- 

 gure*. During the gourishing state of Holland, 8aar. 

 dam, when i'eter the Great acquired a practical know- 

 ledge of the art of ship- building, derived great wealth 

 from that trade ; but it is now almo*t annihilated. 



The miacellaneou. manufacture, of Holland, not yet 

 enumerated, most of which, however, ar. > u'sasau. 



Amsterdam, are stuff* embroidered with gold anil oil- 

 ver, rlsniseki. brecadts, mohair, ilk. tit . and particu- 

 larly the preparation of drug* for dyeing, painting, and 



