II O N 



107 



H O O 



wax, begun at the circumference and closed in the 

 centre. There it is kept, as is supposed, for winter 

 store ; at least no other use is assigned to it : but we 

 cannot be sufficiently reserved in classing distant anti- 

 cipations among the instincts of animals. It is prin- 

 v in the more civilised countries that bees are 

 confined in hire*. In many places, they form their 

 combs in trunks of trees, and also in cavities of rocks, 

 and the earth. In India, there b a species which con- 

 structs a single comb of very large dimensions, attached 

 to the under part of the bough of a tree well sheltered. 

 During winter, a great port-on of the honey thus pre- 

 served, is undoubtedly consumed ; and it is understood 

 that the safety of an ordinary hive is endangered if 

 there be a smaller Quantity than twelve pounds at the 

 end of autumn. Honey is supposed by some of the 

 most acute naturalists, as Huber, to contain the prin- 

 ciple* of wax, whence the bees are enabled to build 

 their combs without collecting it from vegetables ; and 

 he describe* a method of arranging a hive, whereby 

 they may be forced to work in this substance. The 

 relative proportions of honey and wax in a hive are not 

 ascertained: the latest observations allot about three or 

 four pounds of wax to one hundred of honey. 



The finest honey is collected by swarm* leaving the 

 parent hive, and it always become* darker and coarser 

 in proportion to the age of the comb*. Its quantity and 

 quality, both depend very much on the nature of the 

 surrounding vegetation : hence, in cultivating bees, par- 

 ticular attention should be paid to the abundance of 

 flowers. Hooey ansl wax are very considerable article* 

 of traffic, and profit may undoubtedly be derived from 

 bees with little trouble and trifling expence. Most 

 part of the honey imported into Britain come* Irani 

 Germany. Russia, ana America, with which we could 

 very well dispense by a little more attention to bee*. 

 Probably ten times the number of hires now c\ 

 could be subsiited in the country. Mr Huish, a late 

 author, by a moderate calculation, endeavours t 



he profit from on. 



chased in 1812 should be f 57 : 15 : 4 

 main to carry on the stock. He consider* the chief 

 obstacle to the culture of bees, to centre in the as* of 

 the common hive ; and that, on the whole, it is better 

 tlttt they should be destroyed at the end of the season. 



The comb* being withdrawn from the hive, are to 

 be laid on a fine sieve above a vessel, into which the 

 best honey will be received, gentle heat will disen- 

 gage the next in quality ; and the whole remaining 

 macs may be then subjected toa press, whereby the re- 

 mainder will be cm acted. A certain quantity of wax 

 and other iiapuiities always pas* over, which render* 

 it necessary to expose the honey contained in the ves- 

 sels again to beat, and this admits their 

 the surface, when the whole can be remo 

 purification of honey is conducted after a different pro- 

 ces*. aco -fie country wherein it is practised : 



and premium, have hern offered for the beat in- 

 duing so on UM continent Honey should be chosen 

 of an agreeable odour, sweet, dear, and new ; 



!* |nterieil a year or longer 

 Uin: properties. See Huber. 



ten<, 



sosro n '.mner ,. Bat ; and our Article 



(t) 



which is extremely beautiful. It consists chiefly of a Hooiton 

 spacious and handsome street, running from east to 

 west, through which passes the high road from Exeter 

 to Chard. Two other streets cross this at right angles, 

 one on the north-wc-t leading to Cullunapton, and the 

 other on the north leading to Taunton. Through the 

 principal street flows a stream of pure water, which 

 the inhabitants receive from a dipping-place opposite 

 almost every door. The buildings, which are almost 

 all modern, were covered with shte, in consequence of 

 the town having been twice destroyed by fire in 1747, 

 when three-fourths of it were reduced to ashes, and, in 

 when nearly 180 housei wen- consumed. In 

 1790 and 1797, it suffered considerably from fire. 

 There is a chapel in the town, called All- Hallows cha- 

 pel, which is a neat structure, with a square embattled 

 tower of flint. It was* built in 17C.J. The church is 

 situated on a high eminence, about three quarters of a 

 mile from the town, and contains some ancient monu- 

 ment*. There is here a small free-school for boys, and 

 a school of industry for girls ; and three meeting-houses 

 for the Presbyterians, Baptists, and Independents. 



The town is governed by a portreve and bailiff, who 

 are chosen annually. It sends two members to Parlia- 

 ment The number of voters is 35O. The chief ar. 

 of manufacture here are broad lace and edgings, which 

 are principally sent to London. A gn 

 ried on in butter, which is also sent to the London 

 market. 



The following is the population abstract of 181 1, for 

 the burgh and parish : 



HSJSJB] srrWjj H ; ' Ml , Bl 



Number of families, .... ,81 

 Do. employed in iiifartni 1 1. ..... 



Make, ................... i " 



1 MM ................. ll.. 



Total population, ............. 



whole's Hillary of Derotuhire ; and the Biau- 

 . slaid ami Haiti, vol. iv. p. 299. 

 VrTKRINAKY MriM. 



. river in Bengal, and the port of Cal- 

 cutta, is formed by the junction of the CossimbaMr am I 

 Jellinghy , the two' westernmost branches of the Ganges. 

 The Hoojrhly, though by no means the largest branch, 

 ha* the deepest outirt to the sea, and i* considered by 

 the Hindoos a* the true Gangea, or most sacred part of 

 that river. It is the only branch which is commonly 

 navigated by large vessels; but its entrance and pas- 



'. f| .irr i,-.. r 1 -, I. -- , Mr. !< \ .Kii,-tr. u.. not ...... in b 



(ram the sballowneM of the channel, a* from the num- 

 ber of the sand-banks which project into the sea. At 

 injunction particularly with the Koopnairain, there is 

 a Urge sheet of water formed, which is full of shoals; 

 and, as the bed of the Hooghly turns to the right, ma- 

 ny vessel* are lost, by being carried, with Uie force of 

 the tide, up the Rootmamun, whit -h laces 



the approach from the rca There is also, at this bend 

 of the Hooghly, a dangerous und nai ' une* 



and Mary, arou> :hc channel seldom continues 



- the 



gentle 



. MM) 



wn of England, 

 ,wi a 

 ' >tter, 



succession, and requires very 



I'. : '.t .-.;. I ! rr. ',.,., ,..,. BSJ I .,' 



Hoogbly point, where the river first contracts itself, is 

 perceptible alwvc the town of Hooghly, nearly 70 miles 

 distant ; and so rapid is the progress of the tide, that it 

 ! thn. t in four hours. It does not 



run on the Calc 



proceeds along the oppo- 

 country, rite bank, from which it CTOMC* at Chitpoor, about four 



