H O O 



110 



H O O 



Hooke, determined in his favour in 1696, he was so overjoyed, 

 *" If'' that lie left an account of his feelings in his diary, ex- 

 pressed in the following manner : " DOMSHLOISSA, 

 that is, Deo, optima, maxima, sit honor, laus, gloria in 

 scEcula sccculorum, Amen." " I was born on this day 

 of July lb'3.5, and God hath given me a new birth; 

 may I never forget his mercies to me ! while he gives 

 me breath may I praise him!" In order to induce 

 him to complete some of his inventions, the Royal So- 

 ciety requested him, in 1696, to repeat most of his ex- 

 periments at their expence, but the infirm state of his 

 health prevented him from complying with their re- 

 quest. During the two or three last years of his life 

 he is said to have sat night and day at a table, so much 

 engrossed with his inventions and studies, that he never 

 undressed himself or went to bed. Emaciated with 

 the gradual approach of old age, he died in Gresham 

 College on the 3d March 1702, in the 87th year of his 

 age, and was buried in St Helen's church, Bishops- 

 gate Street, his funeral being attended by all the mem- 

 bers of the Royal Society who were then in London. 



Besides the works which we have mentioned, he 

 published in 1677 his Lampas, or Descriptions of some 

 mechanical improvements in lamps and water poises. 



The most important of Dr Hooke's inventions, was 

 undoubtedly the method of regulating watches by the 

 balance-spring, which has since his time been carried 

 to the highest perfection. Huygens has commonly been 

 considered as the author of this invention, but there is 

 no doubt that Hooke had invented it about 14 years 

 before. The posthumous works of Dr Hooxe, collect- 

 ed from his papers by Richard Waller, secretary \o the 

 Royal Society, with a life of the author prefixed, were 

 published in 1705. Another life of Hooke was pub- 

 lished in Ward's Lives of the Gresham Professors, 

 p. 109. Lond. 1740. The papers which Hooke con- 

 tributed to the Philosophical Transactions, will be 

 found in volumes i. ii. iii. v. vi. ix. xvi. xvii. and xxii, 

 of that work. 



The following list of Dr Hooke's inventions is taken 

 principally from a MS. of the late Dr Robison, profes- 

 sor of natural philosophy in the university of Edin- 

 burgh. 



1655. Hooke discovered that the barometer indicated 

 changes in the atmosphere, and was connected with the 

 weather. Before the year 1652 the same discovery 

 was made by the Rev. Mr Gregory of Drumoak. See 

 our Life of JAMES GREGORY, vol. x. p. 506. note. 



1 655. Contrived the clockmaker's cutting engine. 



1656. Contrived a'scapement for the small vibrations 

 of pendulums. 



1656. Invented the spiral spring for regulating the 

 vibrations of a watch balance. 



1658. Contrived the Boylean or double barrelled 

 air-pump. 



i860. Used the conical pendulum for procuring a 

 minute division of time. 



16'60. Explained capillary attraction by affinity. 



1660. Found that the catenarian curve was the best 

 form for an arch. 



1663. Invented his marine barometer and sea gage; 

 and also the method of supplying air to the diving bell. 



166*. Invented a quadrant by reflexion, and a clock 

 for registering the weather. 



HifH. Proposed the freezing of water in a fixed tem- 

 perature ; and in 1684 the boiling of water as another 

 lixed point. 



1664. Applied a screw for dividing astronomical in- 

 struments. 



1665. Proposed to find the earth's parallax by means 

 of a zenith telescope, also by observing the moon in dis- 

 tant places, and in a solar eclipse. 



1 666. Nov. 28. Invented the spirit level. 



1668. Proposed his theory of combustion. See his 

 Micrographia and Lampas. 



1669. Proposed a pendulum, or a drop of water as a 

 standard measure. Proposed a camera obscura with a 

 lamp. 



1674. Invented the areometer. 

 1 674. Tried the famous experiment with Newton on 

 the inflexion of light. 



1678. Proposed a steam engine on Newcomen's prin- 

 ciple. 



1679. Shewed that the path of a falling body com- 

 pounded with the earth's motion is an ellipse. 



1 680. First observed the secondary vibrations of sound- 

 ing bodies ; that a glass touched with a fiddle bow 

 threw water into waves at four points, and that the fun- 

 damental sound was accompanied with its harmonics. 



1682. Observed the separability of heat and light by 

 a glass plate. 



1687. Observed the rapid propagation of sound 

 through solid bodies. 



Hooke appears also to have been the first who ex- 

 plained the rise of vapour by a dissolving power in the 

 air, and who took a just view of the arrangement of 

 iron filings round a magnet. See HEVELIUS and HUY- 

 GENS. (TT) 



HOOKER, RICHARD, an eminent English divine, 

 was born at Heavitree, near Exeter, in the year 1553, 

 or, according to Wood, in 1554. His parents, who 

 were by no means in affluent circumstances, intended 

 to educate him for some mechanical trade; but his 

 schoolmaster at Exeter, having discovered his natural 

 endowments and capacity for learning} prevailed with 

 them to allow him to continue at school. His uncle, 

 John Hooker, who was then chamberlain of the town, 

 recommended him to Jewel, bishop of Salisbury, who, 

 after examining into his merits, took him under his 

 protection, and got him admitted into Corpus Christ! 

 College, Oxford, of which he was chosen fellow in 

 1577. Before this last period, however, Hooker had 

 the misfortune to lose his patron ; but his talents and 

 excellent disposition soon procured him other valuable 

 friends in Dr Cole, then president in his college, and 

 Dr Sandys, bishop of London. The bishop placed 

 so much confidence in Hooker's character, that he en- 

 trusted his own son to his care. 



In 1577, Mr Hooker took his degree of M. A., and 

 in the same year he was elected fellow of his college. 

 In 1579) he was appointed deputy-professor of the 

 Hebrew language in the university ; but for some 

 cause, which cannot now be ascertained, he and some 

 others were expelled the college by the vice-president, 

 to which, however, they were again restored in the 

 course of two or three weeks. In 1581, he entered 

 into orders, and was soon after appointed to preach at 

 St Paul's Cross in London. Through the great sim- 

 plicity of his character, he was, about the same time, 

 entrapped into a foolish and unfortunate marriage with 

 a woman who had neither beauty nor portion to re- 

 commend her, and who has been represented by Wood 

 as " a silly clownish woman, and withal a mere Xan- 

 tippe." In consequence of this imprudent step, he 

 lost his fellowship, and was obliged to quit the univer- 

 sity before he had obtained any preferment. He was 

 therefore obliged to support himself as well as he could, 

 until the latter end of the year 158-1 ; when he was 



Hooke, 

 Hooker. 



