H O R 1 



to hare been first attempted in the beginning of the 

 18th century, in Germany; and since 174O, Messrs 

 Messing*, Spandau, Porto, Leandew, Petrides, &e. 

 have succeeded here in different degree*, in supplying 

 all the requisite note* to the bom, by means of the hand, 

 ur a turned block of wood thrust into the mouth at 

 the instrument, ae aa to alter the length of the sound- 

 ing part of the tube, in the requisite degree*, during 



The late Mr Charles Clagget, aa we have explained 

 in our article CHBOMATIC t'renck Horn, attempted to 

 accomplish the same thing, by mean* of two attached 

 tube*, one half a tone higher than the other, either of 

 which the uasJuiinet could blow at pleasure ; but it did 

 not succeed, o ai to continue in use. In ISIO, Mr U il- 

 liam Clare invented and transferred to Mr Perceval, 

 oppeaiie St James's Palace, the patent for a polyphunkn 

 French born, whose scale i* rendered complete by 

 mans off finger-holes in its aidet, and keys like those 

 of a noto. 



F.GO, vol. x. p. 24. col. 9. 

 i'BKfchiNG, i* the art of moulding or forming 

 tor* and. various articles in horn or tortoise-shell. 

 These animal siihetancea are capable of being so soften- 

 ed by the application of a moderate beat, that they can 

 be moulded by uunu into any required shape, and 



cemay be imprinted with any design in the 

 and most delicate relief. Another valuable 

 property is, that piece* may be made to adhere firmly 



without any ceuiint. In the articl. 



i We have alreadv grven e deacnptjen of the me- 



.-...I ,_ I , |ij.__ h- ,,,---, J.T imnn IM^TA IrU 



V nova Dvnaae, or ment* ot iron nsou KS* 



' hollow nrtideaf *ncn a* snuli-boxr*, tooth- 

 pick cans', pewder-naaks, tone* of opera-glssiK. ink- 

 horn*, *c. a screw-press is used. The proceas t* extreme. 

 pie: The hern or tone*** *heU ia boiled in water 



t wo or more pieces, ami with eavi- 

 correepond with the article which 

 tl, with all rt* intended ornajnenta, 

 NaTsWe of the mould. 



thl 



tin t 

 i to 



M to be fabricated, and 

 in the inte 



its two 



, the ham or thell is put between 

 the menld being put in a small 



and tne mould being put in a 

 the halve* are farced together to 

 tk nern, and prea* it into the cavity of tnenwnki. If 

 tne article haa any t*n*iiiable rehef, Una cannot be 

 beet, and then for* tne prese, with the 



at one beet, and therefore the nre** 



|Hit into a copper, and boiled still longer 

 then token ont, and. by a lever applied to the 

 screw, it i* stttmud Ughm, ao m at length to obtain 



> i < r { I M t. LW i .. f *. 



me awinre*Bsan aonrea. wnen a smgie piece oi horn 

 or tortoiae-sbeU i* not MnMentJjr large to M the mould, 

 two or more pieces are put l*Hhii i they are cut to 

 i other wi ' 



fit to each other with a proper degree of overlap, 

 whan ausVientry softened by taxiing in water, the 

 face* are forcibly prtseed together , and they will 



and 



be united m firmly a* if 

 piece. The urrw.p, 



thin 



were originally in one 

 d (or this bottnea* 



with a 



* 

 screw 



vwy sim!e, beieVoaJy an 'iren fr 

 throurh vh. t/T> of it : and. for the convroicnce of nut- 

 nd ont of the beiler or copper, a small tackle 

 of pulley* fixed j* over the copper, and by the aide 

 of it black of *ton 

 ermigh to receive the 

 fcftH a lever or wrem 

 revnd and produce the 



of it is block of stone, with hoft or cavity in rt large 



ve the pnae, and hold H firmly < 

 iPnttnalererorwreneniaspy^Jtoth. 



Inch heir 

 oobtiatc 



1 \ ' r ; - ' 



to turn it 



done, it i* 



*ou xi. TART i. 



3 H O H 



nicnce of thus lifting the press in and out of the boiler, Horn- 

 Messrs Poltzapflell and l5eyerlin of London have made P| dn R 

 the machine represented in Figs. 1 . and 2. of the Plate. _*""*]_- 

 Plate t ( \( I \. Fig. 1. being a section, and Fig. 2. an Me*nPolt- 

 elevation, A A is a box or case of cast iron; B, a boiler or z&pffell UK! 

 i upper to contain the water; and C, the grate for the fire, Ur> trim's 

 which is to be placed beneath it to heat the water; E is m chine fur 

 the flue or chimney, at which the smoke passes off; FFG j' n ' pre 

 i* a press, made very strong, of cart iron, and capable _ 

 of being drawn up out of the water, or let down into it t'CXCIX. 

 at pleasure, by means of racks a, a at each side, which Fig. 1. 4 t. 

 are actuated by pinions d, d ; the axes o of these pinions 

 extend across the machine, and have each a wheel N 

 at the end ; and these wheels are moved at the same 

 time by two arms or endless acrews, cut upon an axis, 

 which extends from one to the other, and is turned by 

 the handle H : the press is gukled in this ascent or 

 descent by grooves in the side of the boiler. When 

 raited up out of the water, the moulds, with the horn 

 or tortowe-jhell between them, are put beneath the 

 press* i' I, and a severe pressure is produced by turning 

 the wheel K. This wheel has an endless screw R upon 

 it* axis, which works the teeth of a large wheel 1 . 

 fixed on the top of the screw P. The screw is received 

 into a female screw formed within the box or prcmr 

 I, which i* guided and prevented from turning round 

 by the croas ha/ e e, through which the presser is fitted; 



means, when the screw P is turned round bv the 

 wheel I. and endless screw, the horn or tortoise-shell i* 

 pusnd between the mould* ; the press is then lowered 

 again into the water of the boiler, in order to be 

 nil farther softened by the boiling; but when the 



n in the boiler, the screw can be screwed 

 1 '.' - . turning the wheel K until the desired im- 

 prtasiun i* obtained. By turning the handle N, the 

 pree* i then raised up out of the boiler, and by turning 

 beck the wheel K, the pressure is released, and the 

 mould* can be removed. 



The Figures X, Y and 7. represent a pair of mould* 

 proper for forming a cylindrical snuff-box : X is the in- 

 ternal mould for the box, into the bottom of which a 

 piece of (hell, softened by tailing, and cut round, it 

 first placed ; and round the inidc a lung ulip is curled, 

 the ends being made to Up over with joint. 



ternal mould Y i* then put into the cavity of the 

 hnm, and is forcibly pressed by the screw ao as to give 

 the hem the shape of Y when it is withdrawn from the 

 mould : a fimilar mould is used for making the lid of 

 the box. Small boxes, and those which are slightly 

 raised, can be made from one single piece without join. 

 ing; also tooth-pick caaes and similar article*. 



e arc famous for making lanterns of horn 

 very thin and transparent. We are informed, in the 

 tanalfi Jrt Artt, that they employ the same methods 

 .n we do of effecting the joinings by softening the horn 

 in hot water, but Wat they use a long beam or !. 

 for making the pressure. This method i* for making 

 up the leave* of horn from small pieces ; but ax the 

 (railing would disfigure thee leaves, they are united 

 together to form the lanterns, by warming* them at the 

 fire, and prewing the edge* of them together by hot 

 pincers, made fl it on the inside; by this means the joints 

 are *o |>erfect that they can scarcely be pero 

 See a translation of this paper in the HrptrtorJ/ rf Art*, 

 3d Serio, vol. xxix. An account of the manufacture of 

 ' *e lantern*, will be found in the Mrnotret dtt 

 SfOtaiH FJrmmgm, torn. ii. p. 350, in a Memoir by M. 

 D'incarville. (j. r ) 



HORNS. Set ANATOMY, Compantivr, voL ii. p. 94, 

 r 



