HOROLOGY. 



139 





A Uierrr.e- 



goir.< I 

 I.'..: m 

 :.-.! -V 



r r., . 



4 back. Thi* method takes six times longer of 

 ijj up than by the common way ; and the great 

 -train which i> laid on the pinion and inside wheel teeth, 

 soon < in. With a little more apparatus, a fu- 



Jiis kind can be made to wlml up whichever way 

 the arbor is turned ; hence it got the name of the <!ruaL- 

 enjiaee. (See the particulars of it in Thiout, vol. ii. 

 p. 383. and Plate xxxxiii. Fig. 14.) 



,. A going in time of winding, of later application to 

 fr clocks and regulators, consisted of an arbor within 

 the frame, on which was a pin, and an arm in-ide, 

 with a nib and deer's foot joint ; another arm on the 

 outside when pulled down, served to make the joint- 

 ed nib rise and pass the third wheel teeth ; a spring 

 acting on the pin brought the nib in a contrary direc- 

 tion, to act on the third wheel teeth, by which it gave 

 motion to the swing wheel during the time of winding, 

 and continued to do so until getting clear of the teeth. 

 n The general method which M now adopted, both in 

 clocks and chronometers, consists of an auxiliary spring, 

 ratchet, and detent. In clocks, two springs are some- 

 times used ; being doubled round, are screwed by one 

 end to the back of the auxiliary ratchet ; the other 

 end M made to act against the arms or crosses of the 

 great wheel. On the opposite side U the click, which 

 acts with the barrel ratchet ; and when the t'.rce of 

 the weight is taken off by winding up. 

 springs act on the great wheel, and not being a!' 

 to bring the auxiliary ratchet forward, which the/ would 

 do ; but this is prevented by the detent, cum ting of 

 an arbor whose pivots run in the frame, and an arm 

 acting against the face of the email teeth in the auxili- 

 ary ratchet. 



When this method U applied to a dock or watch futfe, 

 there U a circular and flat (ted spring screwed or made 

 fast by one end to the inside of the great wheel ; in the 

 other end is a small hole, opposite to wl, ide a 



short and circular slit in the great wheel A pin in the 



auxiliary ratchet is placed so as to < 



i r^| POT 



I to the hole 



TM 



jnr*2r 



< .d.nj 



* Hr- 



in the spring and the slit in the great wheel, through 

 both of which it comes ; the slit gives range for 



up of the spring. When the force of the main 

 not act on the fusee, whkh is taken off* when 

 ; the auxiliary ratchet, and detent which ha* 

 aiender soring to keep it to its place, serve the seme 



rn.1.1. hat l,ern .leMrihc.! for thr cU k. 



The mechanism of this going in time of winding, was 



to the commissioners who were 

 ism. It ha* been said that he took 

 ideaofstf 

 i n an old kitchen jtdk. where * 



the spit turning while the jack waa winding up. There 

 he. been a gn* deal of mgemuty cliip%edVe >ck- 

 latkmg. llumriL".ho*ever,thatitwasneverthouglu 

 of to apply vanenor wings to the fly. which could have 

 beam set so as to regdeae the velocity wrf'tng to the 

 greater er lew weight with which the spit night be 

 leaded ; bet, simple ae the setting of these wing* would 

 be, k might iot be seeaeyl. prevail .pan the cook to 

 tdte thetgmmlt of either undetstaaihiig or sing them. 

 The water. jack, which ha. been known , thi< r..u,,:r> 



respect, a* it it so easy te make the dmchene of water at 

 the cock to run full, half, or quarter, on the small kind 

 of mill-wheel which drive* the whole of the machinery 

 bstisMunDAT to tiW JAck. 



A Mat many yean ago, we contrived an easy way 

 f dng fng " "*" winding for a clock, to 



several of which it was applied. The third wheel has a Machinery 

 socket ( with a small shoulder) truly fitted to it, the hole **."** *" 

 being soundly and smoothly broached. That part of the 

 third wheel pinion arbor, which works in the socket , must 

 also be truly turned, and made as smooth as any pivot, so Mr Reid's 

 as to be free, easy, and without shake. The end of the contrirance 

 socket, which is not in the wheel, should be smooth for S " 1 * *" 

 and flat ; its diameter outside about three tenths of an ''"j- , 

 inch, and to apply to a flat smooth steel shoulder formed *' 

 on the pinion arbour. On the side of the wheel op|M>site 

 that on which the socket shoulder is placed, let there be 

 fixed a small steel pin, distant from the centre aboutthree- 

 tenths of an inch, the height of it being about one- tenth. 

 Make a piece of brass so as to have a fine small ratchet- 

 wheel on it, of about four-tenths of an inch in diame- 

 ter, with a sort of hoop or contrate wheel rim on one 

 side of it, three-tenths and a half in diameter in-iili-, 

 the thickness being a little more than that of an ordinary 

 contrate wheel of a watch, and the depth one-twentieth 

 of an inch. The ratchet-wheel and hoop have a socket 

 common to both, which is twisted on the third wheel 

 pinion arbor ; this socket on that side of the hoop in- 

 side, is the smallest matter lower than the edge ol the 

 hoop; on this part of the socket is fixed the inner end 

 of a small ana weak spiral spring, of two or thnv 

 turns, the outer end having fixed to it a small stud, 

 with a hole in it, that goes over on the steel pin of 

 the third wheel, which works in a short circular open- 

 ing in the ratchet wheel or bottom of the hoop, of a 

 sufficient range for the spiral spring to keep the clock 

 going during the time of winding up. The detent 

 tor the ratchet has one of the pivots of its arbour in 

 the back frame plate, the other runs in a small cuck 

 attached to the inside of this frame plate, and sufficient- 

 ly clear of the third wheel on that side. The edge of 

 the hoop, when the socket is twisted home, should al- 

 low the third wheel to have freedom during the a. 

 of the spiral spring on it. In applying this goii 

 time of winding apparatus to a clock, it will easily be 

 seen in which way the small ratchet teeth must be 

 cut, and also in which way the spiral spring must ex- 

 ert itself. During the action of winding up, this al- 

 lows the minute hand to make a retrograde motion, but 

 it resumes itt place as soon as the weight is at libri 



In the early part of the last century, a considerable 

 intercourse was carried on between Holland and Port 

 Seaton, by the ship owners of 1'restonpaiu, in East 

 Lothian. Among the imports, waa old iron in hogs- 

 heads, and many of the articles were little worse for be- 

 ing used, as by a law with the Dutch, no iron work was 

 allowed to be repaired. Among the things which came 

 were some camp jacks, of a very ingenious con- 

 and evidently of German origin. Two or 

 three of them, one of which we have seen, are still in that 

 neighbourhood. It was composed of the usual w I 

 and pinions, eudles* screw, and a small fly, rath, T 

 weighty. The frame mounted on an upright stand, 

 was about four feet or more in height. A thin and 

 narrow iron bar, of four or five feet long, was at- 

 tached to the stand, and could be made to slide up 

 and down on it, nearly the whole four or five feet ; one 

 edge of it was toothed like a straight rack, and work- 

 ed info the pinion of the first wheel, by means of 

 a weight or weights hung on a hook at the lower end 

 of the bar ; when the weight and bar came to the low. 

 eat point, it was easily moved up to the greatest height, 

 when the jack was to be wound up. The pinion had a 

 hollow socket, and could turn freely round the arbor of 

 the fint wheel ; on the lewer end of the socket was a 



