H O R 



175 



H O R 



it shuts, and the air being then compressed, it is forced 

 into the wind-chert by a communication between them 

 for that purpose, and is ready to give sound to any of 

 the organ pipes the moment when any of their valves 

 should open. This operation with the bellows, though 

 of a different shape, is just the same a* with the com- 

 mon bellows when blowing up a (ire. The bellows is 

 worked by means of a short crank fixed on one end of 

 the arbor of an endless screw, which works into a 

 trundle of a high numbered pinion, which is on the 

 end of the organ barrel, and nearly of the same diame- 

 ter with it. On the other end of the endless screw ar- 

 bor is fixed a small jigged pulley, over which is put 

 an endless silken cord, which being continued, goes 

 round another jagged pulley on the end of a pinion 

 arbor of one of the quick running or fly wheels in the 

 organ train. These wheels are regulated by a fly, by 

 which the velocity of the organ barrel in turning is 

 brought to keep the time required for the music. The 

 wheels, on being impelled by the moving power, which 

 is considerable, (being greater than that used in bell 

 music), communicates their motion by means of the 

 endless cord, and turns the organ barrel The pins, 

 bridges, or staples, on the barrel turning, act on the 

 tails of levers nearly similar in form to the hammer 

 tails of the bell musical dock, uoly they are a little 

 lunger, and equally moveahle on a centre or wire. The 

 other arms or these letas are in an opposite direction, 

 ad are bout the same length as Utote which art i 

 by the staples on the barrel when turning, and are 

 little broad and Aattish toward* the end, where the 



under aide (on the emote amis rising) press down 

 on the upper ends of the slender rods, whose lower ends 

 than by this msani open the valve* of the organ pipes, 



M '- ' -i 



tune 10 anotner. 



Within these two or three years a m 

 by steel spring* baa been invented at i 

 smaUness of the ^'''^T which ph 



and the sound i* prolonged according as the lift is pins 

 or bridges. What has been described commutes the 

 chief machinery in an organ clock. Many ways may 

 be contrived to set the organ barrel in motion, and at 

 the same time while playing, and at the end of a tune, 

 to make the clock of itaelf shift the barrel from one 

 tune to another. 



a new species of music 

 Geneva. From the 



achinwy which plays the mutic, it is 

 very surprising and CTI rtntM. a* it ha* been put into riiigt, 

 seals, watches, and smnT nous. Two ways are used to 

 lift the ends of the springs which give the diflerent 

 note* ; one is by s very small barrel, the other by a 

 pUte wheai The lat being more adapted to take up 

 little room, is chiefly used in watches. The apace for 

 the springs falling, after being bent up, is short. A 

 double set of spring* fnr giving the same notes is 

 made, without which the beauty of the maic could 

 not be produced. The number of 

 for the meat part, from sixteen to 



springs varies, 

 twenty.fonr, or 



being made like that which has been described, will 

 serve to put or mark the places for the notes botli on 

 the barrel and the plate-wheel ; the only difference is, 

 that the barrel will require to be marked by a curved 

 arm sliding on a steel rod. The concentric circles on 

 the plate-wheel, must have short and faint traces 

 across them : This is regulated by a thin straight 

 edge laid in an oblique direction across the circles, and 

 the intersections are afterwards marked by a point. 

 The springs may be easily tuned to their respective 

 nates, as the least thinning or shortening them will 

 make a very sensible alteration on the tone. The tongue 

 of a steel trump, or Jew's harp, shews, in some degree, 

 what may be done in this way by steel springs. The 

 train which regulates this very minute musical ma- 

 chinery, as may very easily be conceived, must be com- 

 posed of a few very small wheels, the motive force be- 

 ing propottionably small. It must be a great 'effort of 

 patience and ingenuity to make them play two or more 

 tunes. However beautiful and ingenious the machi- 

 nery of these small contrivances is, they can only be 

 considered as toys for amusing children. 



For further information on subjects connected with 

 HOROLOOV, see LONUITUOC, OKOAN, l'i NDI-LVM, TIME. 



KEEPER, snd \V.\T( IIS. 



MAMMALIA. 



I-- hi ^tsor. See VETERINARY McninvL 



HOKMM\.K>1III>. See M VN 



H< >!:> !.!-.> , > tMi'CL, one of die most eminent the- 

 ologians in modern times, was born in October 17 .'. 

 and was the eldest son of the Ui-v. Mr 



Horology 

 U 



.\[ U icfroi 



tl 



cpringi. 



upwards. Those springs which are lifted by the bar. 

 rei pin* are straight, while those which are lifted by 

 < the plate wheel have a sort of pan project- 

 ing trom the end at one side ; and this side edge of the 

 spring lying over the ton of the pin* i* taken away 

 so a* to dear them. The projecting part at the end 

 of each spring corresponds with its own lifting pin. 



pin* are on both sides of the plate-wheel 

 alknw* a greater variety of notes than the barrel can 

 perhaps admit. The (prings on the upper and un- 

 der tides of the plate wheel are sometimes sixteen or 

 ae*nHee on each side. On the plate-wheel are traced 

 T 17 concentric circles, for the pins to meat 

 their osrreapaodirig notes in the springs whose ends 

 come each to theft corresponding circle both above and 

 under the plata-wheeL An apparatus on a small scale 



minister of St Martini in the Field*. He received tlV_- 

 rlsaricsl part of his education at Westminster School, 

 from which he was removed to the University of Cam- 

 bridge, where he applied himself principally to ma- 

 thematical stndiea. After having taken his degree as 

 master of arts, he went to Oxford in the capacity ot 

 private tutor to the Earl of Aylesford, where he recei- 

 ved the degree of doctor of laws. On leaving this uni. 

 venity, be came to London, where he was elected a 

 fellow of the Royal Society, of which he was chosen se- 

 cretar; He published several valuable papers 



in the Transactions of that learned body, and conti- 

 nued to discharge the duties of his office in a very dun 

 tinguished manner, till the resignation of the president 

 n Pringlc in 1778. Soon after his having settled 

 in London, he accepted the office of chaplain to Bishop 

 Lowth, one of his greatest patrons, who prescnU.l !mn 

 to the rectories of St Mary Newington and Albury in 

 the county of Surrey; appointed him Archdeacon of 

 >t Allvan. in IT 'it, conferred upon him 



the valuable living of South Weald in Essex. In 1788, 

 he was raited to the bishopric of St David's by the 

 interest of Lord Thurlow ; nnd, in \~'.H. was transla- 

 ted to the see of Rochester, holding at the same time 

 the deanery of Westminster. In I No.', he wat promo- 

 ted to the see of St Asaph ; and is generally under- 

 stood to have had his Majetty'a promise of the Archbi- 

 shopric of York, i le died at Brighton on the 4th of 

 October 18(X>. 



These numerous promotions and high prospect* a* a 

 dignitary in the F.n^lNh Church were fairly earned by 

 the eminent services which be rendered to tl.. 



' principles and sacri ire. In !7<><>. while 



residing nl Oxford, I, . Mr edition of 



Apollonius; anil d his thorough qualifications 



for illustrating the works of the ancient geometer*. In 

 he produced an edition .> in 



five volumes 4to, with commentaries and separate dis- 

 sertation*; an undertaking in M gnu i , 



allowed to have done more than could reasonably have 



