HORTICULTURE. 



193 





on the imitt t of the walls, on one or more sides, and is 

 called the tlip. If the melon and cucumber ground be 

 not situated at the back of the principal suite of hot- 

 hoeaes, it may very conveniently be placed in the slip. 



Hedget. 



56. For tall hedges, to afford additional shelter to 

 particular quarters, or to screen objects from view, va- 

 rious evergreen plants are employed. Holly answers 

 admirably, for height, strength and thickness ; but it is 

 of very slow growth, and flourishes only in clayey 

 ground. Yew .is also excellent, and much used. Se- 

 veral deciduous trees are likewise employed, such as 

 lime, beech, and horn-beam. English elm is occasion- 

 ally used ; and in wet places alder is justly preferred. 

 In very large gardens a hedge of holly or beach run- 

 ning from north to south, is of incalculable advantage, 

 especially if the garden be in the form of a parallelo- 

 gram, and much exposed to high winds. Small orna- 

 mental divisions in gardens are formed of many dif- 

 ferent kinds of plants, according to the taste of the 

 owner, and the size of the hedge wuhed for. Lau- 

 rel, laurustinus, phillyrea, and evergreen oak, are suit- 

 ed to this purpose ; as well a* pyracantlia, sea-purslane, 

 luesiueri, and French tamarisk ; the but two, howe- 

 ver, will not form hedges unless in oar southern coun- 

 ties, where the myrtle can withstand the cold oi 

 nary winters, But of all shrubs used for such divi- 

 ion hedges, evergreen privet seams the best ; anil it i- 

 thc plant now moat frequently employed for tiiat pur- 

 pose. Some pstsuns are fond of flowering hedissi : 

 they arc composed of different kinds of rose-bushes, 

 sweet-briars, and boneysockles ; the lately introduced 

 Hosa Indies, making hare a conspicuous appearance, 

 being equally covered with flowers early and late in 

 the year. Garden hedges of any kind are now much 

 less frequently planted than they used to be. In our 

 climate the I ruit- garden msut be surrounded with 

 brick or stone walls : these serve not merely for pro- 

 tecting tlie trees fixed against then, bat supersede the 

 necessity of tall hedges for the purpose of shelter. The 

 flower-gar. l, however, is still chiefly sheltered by 



-cen hedges, with rows of Ull deciduous shrubs, or 

 .-hind. In some places these are 



ed on the declivity or Ulna of a bank, forming a 

 Mfhhr csrnansental ecweB, amlogoes to tto sVtW-sv* of 

 the French, r rout the interior of this garden, how- 



hedge* hare been nearly hsaishirt, by the change 

 .te, and dbfck. of every thiog formel 



In this country, as formerly lasmiisd, the Fruit- 

 gsrdtn ami the lutchcn-garden are locally blended to- 

 gather, both bring inclosed by the same walls: the ob- 

 ject* ot emch, however, are quite distinct, and may eon. 



i - 



tion of the departments of the garden has been alrea- 

 dy spoken of, and likewise the forming of fruit-tree 

 borders. Other matters particularly connected with 

 i. it-gar den shall now be COM ' 



Fl .KDRW. 



THK kinds of fruits usually cultivated within the 



.1 garden, but in the ops* air, an eighteen in num- 



* ten are considered as indigenous to 



the country, and eight are exotics. The native fruits 



are the apple and pear (Pynu); plum and cherry (Tr*. 



VOL. II. PART I. 



Fruit- 



Garden- 



nut); the medlar (Me'pilut) ; the red and the black 

 currant, and the gooseberry (K-bes); the raspberry 

 (Rubus); and the strawberry (Fragaria). The exo- Y 

 tic fruits are, the peach, nectarine, and almond (Amya. 

 dalui) ; the apricot (Pr*ii*) : the grape ( Vitu) ; the 

 fig (Fie**); the quince (Pyrnt); and the mulberry 

 ( Mont). The apples and pears, plums and cherries, 

 found native in our woods, however, differ so complete- 

 ly in appearance and tajrte from those of our gardens, 

 that none but a botanist could easily be persuaded to 

 consider them as of the same original species. The 

 chestnut (Fagot); hazel-nut (Coryltu) ; sorb (Sorbut) ; 

 elder-berry (Sambvcut) ; and berberry (Herberts), are 

 likewise natives : these are also cultivated, but general- 

 ly in the pleasure-grounds exterior to the walled gar- 

 den. The walnut (Ji/glant) is a foreign tree, planted 

 chiefly in lawns, or on the outside of the orchard. The 

 pine-apple (Bromelia) and the melon (Cncumis), con- 

 stantly require artificial heat. Oranges, lemons, and 

 shaddocks (Ci/nur) must at least spend the winter un- 

 der glass. The pomegranate (Punica) is sufficiently 

 hardy to live in the open air in our climate ; but it does 

 not generally produce its fruit. This, with some other 

 fruits occasionally cultivated, shall be noticed after 

 speaking of the more common. 



Before treating of each of the fruits in detail, it will 

 be proper to explain the operations of grafting and bud- 

 ding, training and transplanting, all of which must af- 

 terwards be frequently referred to. 



Stocktfor Graf/ing. 



58. U hen a cion, or part of a cion, is taken from a Stocks for 

 fruit-tree, and inserted either on a young stem, or on the 

 bough of a full grown tree, it is called grafting. But 

 in the former case a new or additional tree is procu- 

 red; and in this way, chiefly, apples and pears are pro- 

 pagated ; and sometimes plums and cherries. A good 

 cion may generally be cut into two or three pieces, 

 which are called graflt ; the stems on which they 

 named ate* 



placed being 



tlockt. The raising of stocks, 



are 

 and 



the propagation of fruit-trees, will properly fall under tin 

 article NIMSIRICS: a few explanatory observations in 

 this place may therefore suffce. The subject is not 

 without interest ; for every one who wi-ho, to keep 

 his garden and orchard well supplied with fruit-trees, 

 should establish a small private nursery, in which, up- 

 on stocks of different kinds, sccording to the end in 

 view, be may graft or bud the kind- of frnit which ex- 

 perience shews to be bast suited to the soil mid climate 

 of the place, and which bct meet his own views. 



09. It is necessary that the stock should lie a mem- 

 ber of the same genus or natural family with the 

 graA or bud to be inserted on it. The principal kn.i'- 

 ef stocks employed, are the following: 



For applet, 



Common apple, from the kernels, for full stand- 



Crab apple, from the kernels, for half standards. 



C'odlin, from layers or cuttings, 



Paradise, from layers, 



Creeper, from layers, all for dwarf trees. 



Far peart, 

 Common pear, or wilding, from the kernels, for 



full standards. 



Quince, from the kernels, or by I;iyer, for dwarf 

 and espalier trees. 



2 B 



