HORTICULTURE. 



207 



apt to 



' Maedonakl of Glenco, says, " The magnums were large, 

 CM*- we u shaped, free from gum, and of a rich yellow- colour 

 -~-~* all over ; the gages of the true brownish and green co- 

 lour, and completely ripened ; and these were growing 

 on standards, in the heart of Lochaber, where the snow 

 on the tops of the hills was visible to us from the gar- 

 den, on the 23d of September." (Scot. Hort. Mem. I. 

 It is to be observed, however, that in uch M- 

 tuation, the blossom had probably not expanded till 

 late in the spring, when the danger of fro*t was over. 

 In the lower and milder parts of the country, plum 

 blossom frequently require* protection as much as that 

 of the apricot or the peach ; indeed, the calyx drops 

 sooner, and the blossom is in this respect more tender. 

 In favourable seaions, it may be added, plnms are plen- 

 tiful much farther north ; a degree at least. 



Plum* produce their fruit, partly on the former year's 

 wood, but chiefly on small spurs, rising alon 2 the sides, 

 and at the end of the branches, when of two years 

 growth or upwards. These spurs continue long in a 

 fruitful state. There is no necessity, therefore, for se- 

 curing supply of new shoots annually, aa in peach and 

 nectarine trees. During the summer, fore-right shoots 

 are displaced with the finger*, and aide shoots are laid 

 in horizontally, or in a sloping direction, where there 

 is room for them. I'seleas wood-bods proceeding from 

 pars are at the same tune removed. In this way little 

 winter pruning is required ; only some extended spurs, 

 and a tew supernumerary snoots, are to be cleared 

 away. The cuts must always be dean, and the knife 

 sharp ; plum-trees, like other stone fruits, being very 

 throw out gum and to canker. In regulating 

 trees, the lopping off of large branches is, 

 however, sometimes practised ; if the air be excluded 

 by some mild paint or other platter. the wound fre- 

 quently doses, and new branches set out, which bear 

 in two or three years. For wall plum treea, many 

 gardener* prefer the fan mode of training; but some 

 train in the boriionul manner, being of opinion that this 

 is the best way to check lux urianot of growth, and tlirow 

 the trees into bearing. When the fruit come in close 

 tmncbea, some are thinned out, in the beginning of Ju- 

 ly, when the stoning is over, to allow the rest to ac- 

 quire fall sixe ; and care is taken to lay in the young 

 shoots dose to the wall, so that the son and air may 

 net be anUrcepted, bat may have acceas to ripen and 

 give flavour to the fruit. 



The finer varieties of plnms are budded or grated 

 on plan stocks raised from Use stone*. Young treea 

 hear tissiaplanting very well, fear or even six years after 

 they have been budded or grafted; so that they are 

 often ready to bear the year after bang planted. Great 

 puns, however, should be taken, to raiac the routs at full 

 length, and to replace than in their new situation with- 

 out braising or other injury, and without much exposure 

 to the air. 



Cktrry. 



Wrrr. |f>2. The dtrrry.tr ft i* the /Vvm ceram 



' of the French, who make three ubdnriaions, 

 Knottier, Btfurrtaxtitr, *nd (.nignier. It has been ge- 

 nerally said that cherries were introduced into England 

 by the fruiterer of Henry VI 1 1.; but Professor Martyn 

 has shown that they were known modi earlier. Lvd- 

 gate, in his account of the London cries in the middle 

 ef the I Mb centary, mentions that 



Byte is a word not yet obsolete in Scotland, signifying 

 spray or twigs; and on the stalls of the Edinburgh fruit 

 market, cherries may sometime* be seen " in the ryse," 

 or at least stuck on the thorns of hawthorn sprigs, in 

 order to catch the fancy of children. The white pescod 

 is a kind of plum. 



103. Parkinson's list in 1629 contains about thirty 

 varieties of cultivated cherries, several of which are 

 still known, and in esteem, as the raayduke, heart, 

 amber, and morello, but others have entirely disappeai- 

 ed. Miller enumerates only twenty-one ; and of these 

 it is not necessary to notice more than one half, being 

 those commonly cultivated. 



May-duke. 

 Archduke. 

 Harrison's heart. 

 Hertfordshire heart. 

 White heart. 

 Black heart. 



Carnation cherry. 

 Morello. 

 Lundie sruigne. 

 Black coroun. 

 Tartarian cherry. 

 Kentish. 



wd wfcitO ptswds on J*tn to err, 

 ripe, aod cberrits la UM rvs*.** 



Suahtrrs ripe, aod cberrits la UM rvs*. 



Of the May.dnke Nicol observes that we have no 

 cherry equal to it, and that the tree thrives in all - 

 lions. It does very well as a standard : but against a 

 good wall, and with a southern aspect, the t'ruit I <- 

 corns* considerably larger, and, contrary to what hap- 

 pen* in other fruits, it seems to acquire a higher fla- 

 vour. It ripens early in June ; and before the change 

 of the style, it was often gathered in May : this was 

 particularly the case with a tmall variety called the 

 Early May. 



The Arcftamkt is also called the Late duke : it it a 

 good cherry when ripened on a wall ; but the tree does 

 not answer well aa a standard. 



' ittit't heart is a large cherry, of good qualities, 

 and the tree bears freely. The Herttordthire has a 

 firm flesh and excellent flavour : it is a late cherry, not 

 ripening till August. The Carnation cherry has re- 

 ceived its name from the fruit being variegated red and 

 white : it is a late cherry, and requires a good wall 



Though the taste of the Morello cherry, approaching 

 that of the mulberry, is not agreeable to many, \ 

 when ripened on a wall in the full sun, it acquires a 

 siae and richness of flavour superior to any other : 

 The tree grows freely, and bears well. 



The LmmlKt nignt is of a dark colour, and nearly as 

 large as may dukes which grow on standard trees : it re- 

 ceives iu name from Lundie in Fife, the seat of Sir James 

 Erskine, where the original tree* still remain. The 

 Mac* forotim resembles the black heart; it is an ex- 

 cellent Unit, and the tree is a healthy grower and 

 great bearer. The black and the ivkitt Tartarian cher- 

 riea are much cultivated at Petersburg!), and were in 

 traduced from Russia about 1797 : the fruit is of good 

 flavour, and ripens earlv j and the trees produce pli n- 

 tifolly. The Kemtuh cherry is chiefly planted in cherry 

 orchards, and in market gardens : the flowers In- ing late 

 in expanding, they generally escape the spring frosts, 

 and xfli/rd a plentiful crop: the fruit, however, is fit 

 only for tart*. 



JO*. Tliat indrfatipable and truly meritorious horti- Nc , 

 culturist Mr Knight lias lately added to our list throe rics. 

 new cherries raised from seed ; they have been called 

 thr Elton, the Black Eagle, and the Waterloo. 



The Kllon is the offspring of a blossom of the graf- 



fion, or ambreeof Dohamel, ferun-l.it -d by the |>.i!K n 



of the white heart ; it is distinguished by a very deep 



.n -on in the petals, and by the extraordinary 



length of its fruit-stalks. The pulp u vcrv juicy, and 



