HORTICULTURE. 



237 



attention : they are planted in fine vegetable mould, in 

 pots having'diaiinel to tb* depth of some inches in the 

 bottom, so a* to drain away superfluous moisture, and 

 are placed in a hot-bed ; at the same time, hay bands 

 are wrapped round the stems, to prevent the sun's rays 

 hebark. 



887. Young orange trees are every season repotted, 

 generally in April, for successive years, till they pro- 

 duce fruit. The earth or compost must be prepared at 

 least a year before, so that any dung mixed with it, 

 may be very completely rotten. When the trees be- 

 come large, that is six or eight feet in height, they are 

 generally planted in wooden case* or tub*. When old 

 orange tree* have been mismanaged, it i* found, very 

 n*efu| to plunge them into a hot-bet! : thi* is accom- 

 plished by. planting them in baskets, and sinking these 

 into the bed. The baskets are made of a less size than 

 the tubs, and when the trees are restored to these, the 

 basket* are cut away, and the empty space filled with 

 prepared earth. It U a rule to remove, every season, 

 a considerable portion of the earth, taking great care 

 not to injure the root* ; it* place i* supplied with a 

 fresh quantity of the prepared soil. 



848. In the orangery during winter, the trees re. 

 ceive regular but moderate watering, and a* much free 

 air as the nature of the season will permit. In May, 

 they are removed to the open ah- : the place should be 

 Uillsisd from high wind*, and it i* found be*t that the 

 plsjits should be exposed only to the morning and after. 

 noon ran, and shaded from the mid-day glare and heat. 

 Here they remain till about the middle or near the end 

 of October. They produce their pure white and very 

 fragrant flower* in June ; and after the first MMOH of 

 flowering, blossoms and fruit are seen together on the 

 tame plant, the latter remaining a year or fifteen month* 

 on the tree before it be ripe. The dusters of blossom 

 and fruit are thinned progressively, a* there sums to 

 be occasion. 



In different places of England, Seville orange trees 

 have of late been planted hi the open border, in emu- 

 lation of Sir r ranos Carew trees, and covered during 

 winter with moveable glass frames. It i* sound generally 

 mrhsymsahls, however, that the wall* should Tx- flued, 

 ,t some .light fire heat be in thi* way aflbrded 

 during *evere frost*. The bottom of the border on 

 tree* are planted, must absolutely be dry ; 

 ', therefore, to lay at least two feet of 



similar material, beneath the 

 - ii 

 nsjraer son. 





however 



f the French. Deiaunay 

 the rkaHrc as a large variety of C. aurmntmm : the d 



l*WUsMBOO OMsMiMoCs* VTslA JflTCP nW tuft IUKB OV tnC 



English officer who first conveyed the plant from the 

 East to the West Indies. It i* managed like the orange 

 tree, but n somewhat more tender, and must be treated 

 accordingly. In a w< ll-arranged orangery, however, 

 and under the care of a judicious gardrnrr, it producea 

 large and ripe fruit. Even in Soot land this U the case ; 

 <lhll, near Hamilton, the seat of Mr Camp, 

 bell of ShawfickL 



30. The Cilrom (CUnu me&co, L.) is also cultivated 

 hkr the orange ; but being rather more tender, must 

 be lea* early exposed in the spring, sod sooner p 

 der gtat* hi t lie autumn. The suuuuei situation should 

 be the warmest and mart sheltered in the garden. There 

 are several sub- varieties of the citron, particularly one 

 very large fruit, the poactre of the French. 



231. The Lemon i* generally budded or inarched on 

 ran stock. It* culture i* the same at that of the 



orange; but it is more hardy than that specie.', and re- 

 - more free air during winter. It should also be 

 watered somewhat more liberally. In some parts of ^ 

 England, lemon-trees succeed very well in the open 

 border against south walls : they are sheltered during 

 winter by moveable glass frames, and produce plenty 

 of large fruit, making a pleasant variety on the wall. 



<32. The Lime, is propagated and treated much in Li 

 the same way as the lemon. 



233. Having thus given a general account of forcing. 

 bouses, or hot-houses for producing fruit, taken sepa- 

 rately, we hall now describe a range or suite, and at 

 the same time shall illustrate what we say by refer- 

 ence to the plans, elevations and sections contained in 

 Plates CCCX. and CCCXI. The magnificent suite of 

 glazed houses represented in the former Plate, it will 

 be observed, is by no means ideal, but exists in the 

 garden of Dalmeuy Park, the seat of the Earl of Rose, 

 bery near Edinburgh ; and the accuracy of the plan* 

 may be relied on, Mr Hay, the designer employed at 

 Dalmeny, having, with permission of the noble pro- 

 prietor, favoured us with them. We shall at the same 

 time give a short description of the garden, and particu- 

 larly of the walls, as illustrative of some improvements 

 in this branch of horticulture introduced by Mr Hay. 



234. The garden at Dalmeny Park lies on the fact 



of a bank havjng a considerable declivity to the south P* 

 and south raft. It is bounded on the north by a low deo 

 hill crowned with tree* perhaps about 40 years old ; on 

 the west, by rising ground with tree* of the same stand- 

 ing ; and on the east, by hollow marshy ground, like- 

 wue covered with tree*. On the south flow* a little 

 rill, the bed of which terminate* the slope on which thr 

 garden i* placed : from thi* lowest point the gr. 

 rie* gradually to the south, to some height Part of 

 this rising ground on the south side of the streamlet is 

 included within the ring fence which surrounds the 

 garden, and is laid out in shrubbery and parterres ; 

 through these the walk from the house to the fruit- 

 garden is conducted. The soil of the lowest part . 

 *its chiefly of bog or peat earth, admirably adapted for 

 the growth of American shrub*, such as rhixlodrndrons 

 and kalmia*. The garden contains about two >c 

 acre* within the wall*. The fruit-tree borders are 1ft 

 feet wide, and the walk* seven feet broad ; the soil 

 beneath the gravel of the walk* wa* prepared with the 

 same care as that of the border*. The walls in gene, 

 ral are 14 feet high ; the east wall i* somewhat more. 

 They are built of brick* manufactured at Leven in : 

 and regular bricklayer* were brought from Newcastle 

 for the purpose of rearing them. The whole extent of the 

 south wall, 361 feet in length, i* flued, the beat being 

 supplied by twelve furnace* placed on the north side uf 

 the wall, *ix on each side of the central door. The top* 

 of the furnace* are covered with flags, which an 

 the same level a* the soil of the garden ; and the stock 

 boles or entrances to the furnace* have hatchway co- 

 ven, in which are two ventilator* to admit air. In 

 this way the furnaces produce no disagreeable appear, 

 ance. The trees on this wall may, at the same time, 

 be covered with the osnaburg canvas mentioned in 

 | 84. From the corners of the walls where they meet 

 at right angle*, a wall is extended diagonally about 

 17 feet. This extension is found very useful in break* 

 ing the force of the wind when ranging along the 

 wall*. At the same time it doe* away in a considera- 

 ble degree the formal box shape of the garden when 

 viewed from the higher ground* in the neighbourhood. 

 The apex of the projecting wall i* rounded : here a 



Fruit - 

 Garden. 



