II O W A R D. 



323 



bond, and visited many of the English prisons. In 178 f-, 

 he communicated to the public the fruits of the pre- 

 ceding three years investigations, in the form of another 

 appendix, with a new edition of the main work, com- 

 prising all the additions. With the view of acquiring 



nation respecting the means of preventing conta- 

 gion in general, and the formation of establishments 

 for guarding against pestilential infection, he resolved 



it the principal Lazarettos in Europe, and to ex- 

 tend his researches to those countries which are most 

 subject to the ravages of the plague. Aware of the 

 hazards which be should have to encounter in this most 

 perilous of all his journeys, be would not permit any 

 of his servants to partake of these dangers, but deter- 

 mined to travel without attendants. About the end of 

 the year 1 7 *', he entered upon this tour, taking his way 

 through Holland and Flanders to the south of France. 

 Hu former visits, however, had so much alarmed the 

 jealousy and excited the displeasure of the government 

 in the last mentioned country, that he was apprehen- 

 sive of his personal safety; and travelled with the 

 greatest secrecy under the character of an English phy- 

 sician. From Nice, lie went to Genoa, Leghorn, and 

 Naples ; thence to the inlands of Malta and Zante; and 

 nt to Smyrna and Constantinople. Determined to 

 obtain, by personal experience, the fullest information 

 of the mode of performing quarantine, be returned to 

 Smyrna, where the plague then was, for the purpose 

 i vessel with s fuul bill of health, 



of going to Venice in a 



/ ' 1 i ' 



ly subject him to the utmost ri- 

 In the course of his voyage, the 



various Lazarettos in Europe, papers relative to the 

 plague, with additional remarks on prisons and hospi- 

 tals. After the printing of this work, he remained but 

 a short time at home ; and prepared to revisit Russia 

 and Turkey, and to extend his tour to Asia Minor, 



, and the coast of Barbary. In this new journey. 

 he is understood to have had no peculiar object in 

 view; and to have been actuated chiefly by a convic- 

 tion, that, in such researches, he was pursuing the 

 path of his duty ; that, in those countries where he had 

 formerly travelled, he might be still farther instrumen- 

 tal in relieving human suffering; and that, in explo- 

 ring new regions, he might discover farther subjects of 

 observation connected with his main pursuit He had 

 resolved to undertake this journey also without an at- 

 tendant ; and it was only in consequence of most ur- 

 gent i: that a faithful servant obtained permis- 

 sion to accompany him. Arriving in Holland, in the 

 l>eginning of July 17SJ), he proceeded through tin- 

 north of Germany, IVu^ia, Courland, and Livonia, to 

 Petersburg ; thrnoe to Nfoscow, and finally to the ex- 

 tn-mity of European Ku<y>ia, on the shores of the Blai-k 

 Sea, where he tell a lamented victim to one of those 

 infectious diseases, the ravages of which he was < 

 ing every effort to restrain. While residing at Cher- 

 soo, he was earnestly requested to visit a young lady, 

 about sixteen miles from that place, who had caught a 

 contagious fever ; and it was his own opinion, that 

 from her he received the disease. During his illness, 

 which from its commencement he considered a? likely 



ve fatal, he received a letter from a friend in 

 England, containing favourable accounts of his son. 

 lie wan greatly affected by the intelligence ; and often 

 desired hU servant, if ever his son should !>c restored to 

 reason, to ti-11 him how much he had prayed for his hap- 

 pines*. Fxcrpt during the lit, with which he wasorca- 

 inally eixed in the course of the distemper, he retain- 

 ed hit faculties till within a few hour- of his death, which 

 took place on the 90th of January 1 7<K>. I Ie was bu- 

 ried, according to hit own request, at the villa of M. 

 I)auphin, about right miles from Chrrsnn ; where, in- 

 stead of a sun-dial, which h had desired to be erected 

 orer his grave without any inscription, a rude pyra- 

 mid, surrounded by posU and ch.-in, was raised by 

 the inhabitants of the neighbourhood. 



Mr Howard, though frequently requested, would 

 never consent to sit for his picture ; and the variou* 

 portrait*, which have been given of him, are Mid by 

 his intimate friend* to be totally unlike. The newest 

 resemblance, is said to be a head sketched by an artist 

 in London, and copied for I)r Aikiu's Vine of hit 

 Character ; which, though considered as somewhat of 

 caricature, is laid to hare exactly the expression of 

 hi* countenance, when in a very serious and attcnti\r 

 mood. Hi* eye waa lively and penetrating, and hi 

 feature* strong and prominent ; his gait quick, and hi? 

 gestures animated. In his youth, his constitution wa 

 delicate, and his habit supposed to be coinuinptive ; 

 but he afterwards attained (probably in consequence 



- abstemiousness in diet and application to exer- 

 cise) a power of enduring, without inronvi-nimcr, thr 

 greatest corporeal privations and fatigues. The otrirt 

 regimen in point of food, which In- li.id originally- 

 adopted from a regard to health, he afterward* conti- 

 nued from choice. He made no use of animal food, 



He had .1 rnnc dl.like of monumental honour*, and had oora firm directions before k* Mt out on i journey, that In c. of bit 

 i lunrral eipenccs thould not send Mi pound* j tbM hit tomb thould be a plain illn of marble placed under that of bis wife 

 III church, with this inscription, "Job* Howard died , aged , My hope i* to CbntU" 



How.ir.. 



gour a te procsas. 



ship in which he was a uasssnair. was attacked by a 

 corsair from Tunis, which was beaten off* after a smart 

 skirmish, in which he rendered essential service, by 

 pointing son* of the guns. After leaving his quarters 

 in the L.inn-tt'> '.' Wnir,-. ;, uhu-n h. health and 

 spirits suffered cortiderably, he proceeded, at the dose 

 of the year 1786, to Vienna, where he had a private 

 cont'i rtT:r< wi'h > ! IJM r.-r J.-r-,.rt II.: and, return- 

 ing through Germany said Holland, arrived afr in 

 England, in the beginning of the year 1 7 - I >.iring 

 his absence on this journey, he received the afflicting 

 intelligence of his son having fallen into a state of de- 

 . .. i . . . !:- aalj <!.,H ,,f W |I..IM I,, ,,.r.| , 



speak with all the pride and affection of a parent, and 

 whose hopeless calamity it required all the fortitude of 

 Jmnus^aidsdbytbecwiatilauansof religion, to ssjs. 

 *. .A* he same time, he was informed of a public 



y erecting a status] or moauassot to his honour. 

 -lead of tending to console his wounded 

 v added to his distress ; and he instantly 

 exerted himself to prevent hs being carried into exe- 

 cution. In corresponding with his friends, he expressed, 

 in the stroBgest terms, his aversion to the proposed 

 honour; and. in a letter to the subscriber!, while he 

 aeknowJeged has grateful sens* of their approbation, 

 he displayed so determined a repugnance to the mea- 

 sure, that the matter was dropped during his life. 

 In 1>7 -ml 178*. he made several visits to the pri- 

 sons, bridewells, infirmaries, &c. of England, Ireland, 

 and Scotland, and, in I7*y, he put to the press an ac- 

 count of his observations in these various journeys, 

 abroad and at home ; containing an account of the 



