HUD 



326 



HUD 



Hudson's ced in a handsome cupola. The Huddersfield canal 

 ( sce INLAND Navigation) extends 8 miles to the river 

 Calder. Ruins, supposed to be the ancient city of 

 Canliodtinum, are to be .seen on the castle hill, about two 

 miles south of the town, and west of Almonsbury ; but 

 Mr Watson thinks they are of Saxon origin. The Ro- 

 man road, however, passed near Aimonsbury. There 

 arc several medicinal springs in the neighbourhood. 

 In 1811, the township of Huddersfield contained, 



Inhabited houses 1871 



Families 1881 



Do. employed in trade and manufactures 1842 



Males 4824. 



Females 4847 



Total population 9671 



See the Beauties of England and Wales, vol. xvi. p. 

 767. 



Extent and HUDSON'S BAY,lying between 55 and 65" of North 

 description. Latitude, is about 250 leagues in length, and 200 at its 

 greatest breadth. It is 140 fathoms deep in the mid- 

 dle, and is navigable during four months in summer, 

 but is filled, all the rest of the year, with shoals of ice. 

 Numerous rocks, sand-banks, and small islands, are 

 dispersed through it, of which may be mentioned ; 

 Southampton island, in 64 north latitude, stretching 

 about 100 leagues from north to south, but of very in- 

 considerable breadth ; Marble island, in 62 north lati- 

 tude, about 6 leagues long and two broad, composed of 

 white marble, variegated with green, blue, and black 

 patches ; Carleton isle, in the south-east corner of the 

 bay, covered with trees, moss, and shrubs. The en- 

 trance of the bay is a strait, of dangerous navigation, 

 more than 200 leagues in length, and in some places 

 of considerable breadth. It stretches from south-east 

 to north-west, in 62^ north latitude, bounded on the 

 north by the isle of Good Fortune, and on the south 

 by Labradore. Its eastern extremity is formed by 

 Cape Elizabeth on the north, and Cape Chudley on the 

 south, between which is situated Resolution island, 

 about 15 leagues in length, and a little westward Sa- 

 vage and Grass islands, almost uninhabited. In the 

 north-west extremity, between Point Anne on the north, 

 and cape Walsingham on the south, are several small 

 islands named Salisbury, Nottingham, Mill Diggs, and 

 Mansfield. The principal bays of this inland sea are, 

 James's Bay in the south-east corner, containing many 

 islets; Button's Bay on the western coast ; Chesterfield 

 Inlet on the north-west coast, stretching far inland, and 

 terminating in a large fresh water lake ; Roe's Wel- 

 come, a deep inlet of the sea on the north coast ; and 

 Repulse Bay still farther north. The most remarkable 

 rivers which flow into it, are Great Whale river, East 

 Main or Slude ; Rupert's, which has its origin in lake 

 Mistassins ; Abbitibbe flowing from a lake of the same 

 name;Moose, and Albany, which all empty their streams 

 into James's Bay ; the Severn, which is supposed to 

 proceed from lake Winipig ; Nelson or Bourbon river, 

 from a lake of the same name ; and Missin-ni-pi,* or 

 Churchhill river, which loses itself in the bottom of 

 Button's Bay. The north coast of Hudson Bay is yet 

 imperfectly explored. The country on the east is part 

 of Labradore, called F.ast Main. The tract which 

 stretches southwards below Button's Bay, is called New 

 South Wales, bounded on the south and east by Cana- 

 da. The regions to the north-west are in like manner 

 called New North Wales, and very little known. And, 



Hudson'. 

 Bay. 



on the west, is a vast tract of country extending across 

 the American continent to the Pacific Ocean, separated 

 from the territories of Canada by a mountainous ridge Y ~ 

 in 49 north latitude, which covers the sources of the 

 rivers flowing north and south. 



Hudson's Bay was discovered in 1610 by Henry History, 

 Hudson, who had been sent out by the English Russia 

 Company in quest of a north-west passage round the 

 American continent ; but his crew having mutinied, 

 left him with his son and other seven persons to perish 

 in those seas, which now bear his name. It was after- 

 wards more thoroughly explored by successive naviga- 

 tors employed by the same enterprizing Company, par- 

 ticularly by Button in 1612 ; by Lucas Fox, and Tho- 

 mas James, in 1631, the former equipped by govern- 

 ment, and the latter by a company of Bristol mer- 

 chants; and by Zacharias Gillam, in 1668, who was 

 sent out by Charles II. at the solicitation of Prince 

 Rupert, and was assisted by two French merchants 

 of Canada named de Grosseliers, who had previously 

 made a voyage from Quebec to the scene of the present 

 expedition. Gillam passed the winter in Rupert's ri- 

 ver, where he built the first stone fort erected in the 

 country, which he named Fort Charles, and provided 

 it with a sufficient garrison. Before his return, the 

 king had granted to Prince Rupert, and divers lords, 

 knights, and merchants, associated with him, a charter, 

 dated May 2d 1 669, in which he styled them " The 

 Governor and Company of Adventurers trading from 

 England to Hudson's Bay ;" and, in consideration of 

 their having, at their own costs and charges, ' under- 

 taken an expedition to Hudson's Bay, in the north-west 

 parts of America, for the discovery of a new passage 

 into the South Sea, and for the finding of some trade 

 for furs, minerals, and other considerable commodities, 

 and of their having already made by such their under- 

 takings, such discoveries as did encourage them to pro- 

 ceed farther in pursuance of the said design ; by means 

 whereof, there might probably arise great advantages to 

 the king and hi? kingdom,' absolutely ceded to the 

 said undertakers the whole trade and commerce of those 

 seas, &c. in whatsoever latitude they might be, which 

 are situated within the entrance of Hudson's Straits, 

 together with all the countries upon the coasts and 

 confines of the said seas, straits, &c. so that they alone 

 should have the right of trading thither; and whoso- 

 ever should infringe this right, and be found selling or 

 buying within the said boundaries, sho'uld be arrested, 

 and all their merchandize be confiscated, so that one 

 half should belong to the king, and the other half to 

 the Hudson's Bay Company." Of this extensive grant 

 the Company have enjoyed uninterrupted possession 

 from the year 166.9 to the present day, except during 

 the space of 17 years, from 1697 to 1714, when the set- 

 tlement was occupied by the French ; but the charter, 

 instead of promoting the progress of discoveries, is un- 

 derstood to have produced the opposite effect. The 

 Company have been charged with having rather endea- 

 voured to conceal as much as possible the situation of 

 the coasts and seas connected with their territories ; 

 and even to influence those who had any knowledge of 

 these quarters, to withhold it from the world. The few 

 feeble attempts which they did make, to save appear- 

 ances, between 1720 and 1730, rather excited the dis- 

 pleasure than satisfied the expectations of the public ; 

 and, by the exertions of Mr Dobbs, Capt. Middleton 

 was sent out by government in 1741, and Capt. Moor 



* A word signifying " Great waters." 



