HUNGARY. 



349 



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country for nearly three years ; but Bela, -with the as- 

 sistance of the Knights of Rhodes, dispersed the in. 

 vaden, and regained this throne. His son Stephen 

 V. wac celebrated for his victories over the king* of 

 Bohemia and Bulgaria. HH daughter Mary espoused 

 Charles, king of Sicily, from vhom sprung the fa- 

 moiu Charles Martel, the father of Charles of Anjou, 

 who afterwards became king of Hungary. Andrew 

 IV. the U-t. and perhaps one of the most illustrious 

 of the dynasty of Stephen, received the surname of 

 f'enetia*', from his conquest* over the Venetian*. He 

 died without issue at Buds in 1301. 



i I ungary then became a prey to all the calami tie* which 

 anarchy bring* along with it. Competitors for the crown 

 appeared in the King of Bohemia and the Duke of Bava- 

 ria. The ton of the former was elected by a party, and 

 was kept upon the throne for six years, in opposition to 

 the wishes of the nation, ami amid-t the greatest troubles. 

 Being recalled to Bohemia by bis father, the Duke of R\- 

 varia was immediately crowned ; but Ladislaua, way- 

 wade of the Jazyges, took him prisoner, and drove him 

 from hi* throne and the kingdom. On the termination 

 of these civil dissensions, Charles of Anjou was solemn- 

 ly proclaimed king in i:ilO. Under his reign, Hunga- 

 ry, which had lately been regarded merely as a fief of 

 the empire, became more powerful than the dominion* 

 of the emperors. Dalmatia, Croatia, Srvia, 

 Transylvania, Bulgaria, Bosnia, Moldavia, and \Yala- 

 chia, received the laws of Charles. His marriage with 

 the sister of Canimir, king of Poland, who had no off- 

 spring, also secured a throne to I.;- family. I It- died 

 in 1M9, beloved by his subject* and all his neighbour*. 



. eneration which his memory inspired, and also 

 the personal qualitk-t oj' hi* ion, fixed the choice of the 

 nation on Louii. Tin- reign of this prince was even 

 more brilliant than that of his father. I K pushed his 

 cuiujuetu a* far as Naples, to revenge the uuuination 

 of hi* brother Andrew, who had been strangled by hi* 

 own wife Queen Jane ; and appointed the waywode 

 of Transylvania as governor of that kingdom, which 

 however he afterward* restored. Part of Russia sub- 

 mitted to bis dominion, and he drove the Tartars be- 

 yond the Euxine. Mr .>< at '-now Udgvd alw asking of 

 Jerusalem ; hut, while Hungary rose in puwer and es- 

 timation durii _ death plunged her again 

 into new calamities and distciUMna. 



Louis leaving no male iasue, the Hungarian*, a* by a 

 general iir.pule of admiration and enthusiasm, railed his 

 daughter Mar) tut!. .rr the title ofMari , 



irried to Sigiunund of Bavaria, who was 

 aa yet suscler *e, snd in the mean time she shared toe 



ninth. The ty- 



rever, of Nicola* Gara the Palatine, who in her 

 nameactuajly j. if Kingdom, soon made her *ab- 



Jects regret their imprudent homage to the memory of 

 Louis. They therefore offered the crown toCharlea, king 



i pies, the nephew of Loui*,and the son of the unfor- 

 tunate Andrew. But scarce!) had he entered Hungary, 

 limn be was assassinated by the Palatine, with the 

 lion and countenance of Mary and F.lizabeth. John HOT- 

 vat,bjnn of Croatia, in revenge for the murder of a prinee 

 to w huse intrretts he was attached, slew the assassin, 

 and, after having made Mary and her mother l.f drag- 

 ged as common criminal* by the hair, cast Elizabeth in- 

 to the river Bozota. Mary was reserved for the infamous 

 brutality of Horvat, and then shut up in prison. Hor- 

 vat, however, dreading the rage of - I, who was 



approaching with an army to reclaim his crown, ct the 

 Queen at liberty, after making her promise upon oatb 



that she would forget her injuries. These injuries, 

 however, were too cruel to be erased from her memory, 

 and repelling the oath which fear alone had extorted 

 from her, she visited them upon the fierce avenger of 

 Clnrles in a manner still more cruel and barbarous. 

 Sigismund was twenty years of age when he ascended 

 the throne ; but the whole of his reign was only a suc- 

 cession of wars, troubles, and calamities to Hungary. 

 Mary dying without children in 1392, new dissensions 

 arose ; and the Turks taking advantage of these, seized 

 upon Bulgaria. Sigismund was defeated, and put to 

 flight at the battle ot' N icopolis ; when his subject* re- 

 volt against him, seize his person, and confine him in 

 prison. The conspirators then offer the crown to La- 

 dislaus, king of Naples. But Sigismund seemed to tri- 

 umph over fortune and all his enemies. Escaping from 

 prison, and collecting a considerable army, he obliges 

 Ladislaus to desist from his pretensions, and recovers 

 hi* kingdom. In 1410, he was elected emperor of 

 Germany. At hi* death, Albert, archduke of Austria. 

 who bad espoused the only daughter of Sigismund by 

 a second marriage, inherits all his possessions, and as- 

 cends the throne of Hungary in 14:i7. This event forms 

 the earliest basis of the Austrian claim to the Hunga- 

 rian monarchy. 



The reign of Albert, however, was very short, and 

 his death was succeeded by civil wars, which con- 

 tinued to desolate this kingdom for another century. 

 Ladislani, king of Poland, w.n invited to the throne; 

 but soon after perished in the battle of VVrrna against 

 the Turk*. The famous John Hunniades was then 

 appointed regent ; and on the decease of another La- 

 ditlaus, the potthumou* son of Albert, in 1 1 17, Ma- 

 thia*Corvinu, the son of Hunniades, receives the crown 

 from the states assembled in the field of lUkos, near 

 Pesth. Mathia* seised Vienna and tin- other Austrian 

 state*, which he retained till hi* de.ith : .mil i- regard- 

 ed as the greatest prince that ever held the Hungarian 

 sceptre. He was brave, prudent, nd ^cuerou-., tin- 

 friend of letter* and arts, and a man of letters himself. 

 He founded the magnificent library of Buda, which he 

 furnished with the best Greek and Latin authors, and 

 many valuable manuscripts. 



The descendant* of Albert again fill the throne ; but 

 upon the death of Louis 1 1. the son of Ladislaus, who lost 

 Kith the battle and his life in the plain- o! Mohiiti in l.v.'T, 

 the Hungarians were divided into two faction*, .lolm 

 Zapolya, waywode of Transylvania, was proclaimed kin^ 

 by one party, while the nobles assembled at I'resbourg 

 ofcrtd the sceptre to Ferdinand of Austria, who had con- 

 ducted some succours to the Hungarian* against the 

 Turks. Zampolya was unable tore* i*t the force* of his ri- 

 val ; and alter hi* defeat at Tokay , was compelled to eva- 

 cuate the kingdom, when Ferdinand was crowned at 

 Muhl.weisaeiibourg. Some time after, the waywode 

 returned with the Sultan Soliman, at the head of a for- 

 midable army, who pushed his conquests as far as Vi- 

 enna ; but on the death of Zampolya, hi- partisans, in- 

 dignant at the conduct of the Turks, and preferring the 

 dominion of Austria to that of the barbarian, immedi- 

 ately joined Ferdinand, who was crowned a second 

 time. This monarch was afterwards caJlvd to the em- 

 pire ; but he retained the crown of Hungary til! 

 when he resigned it to his son Maximilian. The Hun- 

 garian*, however, bore the Au-trinn yoke with HIM, -h 

 impatience, and every new election called forth tl,, ir 

 aversion to their masters, who regarded them tin ir 

 lawful inheritance. But their efforts were fruitless, and 

 those who ventured to support the right* of the nation, 



Ih-lory 



Sigismund. 

 the husband 

 of Mary, 

 ascends the 



Loes nd 

 recover* his 

 crown. 



Elected 

 nii|>eror i* 

 Hlii. tod 

 i> nicceedci 

 by Albert ul 

 Atutria. 



Civil wart. 



A. D. UW. 



A.D. 



The Turk* 

 in ride 

 Hungary. 



Ferdinand 

 Of Aiutna 



The Una. 

 gitnus beat 

 tli- Aiulri* 

 an yoke 

 with muck 

 impatience* 



