362 



HUNGARY. 



Statistics. The total amount is fixed by the diet, and is divided 

 ""V"" 11 '' into porten or portions, each of which is valued at 688 

 florins, 50 kreutzers. Every county and city is then 

 burdened with so many porten according to its popu- 

 lation and resources, which they collect from the citi- 

 zens and peasants. The sources of this branch of the 

 revenue arises from the poll-tax ; tax upon cattle, &c. ; 

 the land-tax paid by the farmer ; and a tax upon trades, 

 &c. The total amount of the contributions in 1802 

 was 621 Of porten, making 4,277,827 florins, 12f kreut- 

 zers; to which may be added 113,615 florins, 58$ 

 kreutzers for Croatia. The total revenue of Hungary 

 cannot be well ascertained, as the different items given 

 above are not for the same year, and authors are also 

 much divided in opinion respecting it. Schloezer makes 

 it 13,500,000 florins; Busching, 18,000,000; De Luc- 

 ca, 15,000,000 ; Schwartner, 11,750,000 ; and Demian, 

 who is the latest author, fixes it at between 15 and 16 

 millions of florins. After deducting the public expen- 

 diture, the surplus, according to Schwartner, amounts 

 to 1,002,206 florins. 



Finance. The management of the finances is entrusted to the 



royal chamber of Buda, which is independent of all 

 other authority within the kingdom, and corresponds 

 with the royal treasury at Vienna. It administers all 

 the royal revenues, except the contributions, which are 

 lodged in the government chest, and the mines and 

 mint, which are entrusted to a particular council. 



Army. Since 1802, the Hungarian army, exclusive of the 



frontier regiments, is formed of twelve regiments of 

 infantry and ten regiments of cavalry, making an arm- 

 ed force of 64,000 men. The military cordon, which 

 extends along the frontiers from the Adriatic to the coun- 

 ty of Marmatosch, is formed of seventeen regiments of 

 armed peasants, each regiment having its particular dis- 

 trict ; viz. eight in Croatia, three in Sclavonia, two 

 in the Bannat, and four in Transylvania. Each regi- 

 ment has two battalions, and in time of war a batta- 

 lion of reserve ; the whole, exclusive of the reserve, 

 amounting to 49,402 men. There is also a regiment 

 of hussars, whose complement, in time of peace, is 

 1364 men and 1212 horses. The Hungarian army 

 is maintained by an annual contribution, fixed by the 

 diet in 1715, which is levied upon the citizens and 

 peasants, and amounts to nearly three millions of flo- 

 rins. The country is also obliged to furnish bread 

 and forage necessary for the troops at a fixed price, 

 whatever be the price of these necessaries in the 

 public markets ; and the loss which is thus sustained 

 by the counties, is computed at about a million of flo- 

 rins. The extraordinary contributions, however, which 

 were required during the late wars with France, were 

 paid almost entirely by the nobility. 



Levies. I n addition to the permanent army establishment, 



the diet, in urgent cases, grants a levy at the request 

 of the king. During the middle ages, every Hunga- 

 rian noble, by a law of the kingdom, was obliged to 

 arm himself and his vassals iti defence of the country 

 when threatened by an enemy; and in cases of imminent 

 danger, the whole nation took up arms. The levy now, 

 however, is confined to a certain additional force, fur- 

 nished and paid by the counties and cities. The first 

 levy of thw description was raised in 1741, for the war 

 of the succession ; and in the first coalitions against 

 France, regular levies were decreed by the diet ; but 

 they were always too late of being brought into the 

 field, to be of any service to the common cause. The 

 levy of 1797, 40.000 strong, was scarcely assembled 

 before the peace of Campo Formio was concluded ; 

 that of 1800 was stopped in their march by the peace 



of Luneville; and that of 1805 was withdrawn on ac- Statistics. 

 count of the peace of Presbourg. '- V"*' 



All religious sects enjoy full toleration and security Religioa. 

 in this kingdom, as well as in other parts of the Aus- 

 trian dominions. The Roman Catholic is the establish- 

 ed religion, and is under the jurisdiction of three arch- 

 bishops, Gran, Kolotcha, and Erlau ; 14 diocesan bi- 

 shops, and 16 titular bishops; Ifl metropolitan chap, 

 ters, and two others of collegiate churches ; 178 bene- 

 ficed canons, and 79 honorary canons ; 1 archabbot, 

 and 146 abbots; 19 grand provosts, and 89 provosts. 

 The revenues of the bishops and chapters are very con- 

 siderable ; and, according to Schwartner, that of the 

 former, in his time, amounted to 864,776 florins, and 

 of the latter to 530,668 ; but, according to Demian, 

 they may now be valued, when taken together, at above 

 two millions of florins. The inferior clergy are com- 

 posed of pastors and monks. Of the former, there are 

 4189, including 2298 rectors, 402 chaplains, and 1489 

 curates ; and of the latter are 309, including 2236 

 priests, 214 novices, and 609 lay brethren. The Em- 

 peror Joseph II. increased the number of the pastors, so 

 that every commune, containing a certain number of 

 parishioners, should have one ; and fixed their allow- 

 ance at 300 florins for each rector, and 240 for each 

 chaplain or curate. According to Grellmann, the Ro- 

 man Catholic pastors, comprehending those of Croatia 

 and Sclavonia, receive 1,379,500 florins. But, while 

 the Emperor Joseph augmented the number of pastors, 

 he at the same time suppressed 1 34 monasteries, con- 

 taining 1209 priests and 275 lay brethren. There are 

 still 1 36 remaining, of different orders : the Piaristes, 

 who have two residences and 23 colleges ; the Bene- 

 dictines, four abbeys and three residence* ; the Pre- 

 monlres, five abbeys ; the Citeaux, two abbeys and three 

 monasteries ; the fathers of Charity, ten monasteries ; 

 the Cordeliers, 61 ; the Minimes, eleven ; the Capu* 

 chins, seven ; the Dominicans, four ; the Carmes, one j 

 the Servites, three; and the Augustines, one. The 

 support of these religious beggars, since they were pre- 

 cluded from seeking alms, costs the chest of religion 

 75,000 florins a year. There are also ten convents, 

 containing 274 nuns and 116 lay-sisters; six of the 

 order of Sta. Ursula, two of Sla. Elizabeth, one of 

 Notre Dame, and one for English ladies at Buda. Six 

 convents had been suppressed by the Emperor Joseph, 

 containing 152 nuns and 39 lay-sisters. In 1802 there 

 were 500 monks and nuns of the suppressed convents 

 still living, who received pensions from the chest of 

 religion ; the priests and nuns from 300 to 200 florins, 

 and the lay-brethren and sisters 1 50 florins. The num- 

 ber of Roman Catholics in the kingdom is calculated 

 at about 4,000,000. 



The Greek Catholic church, whose members amount Greek 

 to nearly 500,000, is under the direction of two bi- Catholte 

 shops, who are suffragans to the Roman Catholic arch- churcn ' 

 bishop of Gran ; two chapters composed of two grand 

 provosts; eleven beneficed canons and six titular canons, 

 and 820 pastors. The revenue of the two bishops is 

 28,000 florins, that of the chapters 9150, and that of 

 the pastors 78,000 florins. Belonging to this church, 

 are eight monasteries of the order of Si Basil, contain- 

 ing 68 monks, 21 novices, and 17 lay brethren. 



The Greek Schismatic Church has five bishops, all Greek 

 suffragans of the metropolitan archbishop of Carlowitz Sclusmatils 

 in Sclavonia, whose dioceses contain lliiO parishes. c 

 There are ten monasteries of this religion, having a re- 

 venue of about 1 7,000 florins, and are inhabited by 82 

 monks. This sect amounts to 1,877,587 souls. I.utheraii 



The Protestant Evangelical, or Lutheran Church, 



