H U N 



378 



H U S 



Hunting- 

 donshire, 

 Huntly. 



in the winter season ; in tlie summer they find more pro- 

 fitable employment in the fields. There is a small 



_ manufacture of lace at Kimbolton ; and at St Neots, 



there is a very large paper mill worked by patent ma- 

 chinery. At Standground, there are twomanufiutun-s 

 for sacking. The markets and fairs of St Ives for live 

 cattle are some of the greatest in England. 



Poor's rate?. In the year 1803, the poor's rates amounted to 

 30,952 : in the year ending the 25th of March 1815, 

 it amounted to 10,625. 



Anliquiiiei. There are few remarkable antiquities in this count}'. 

 Dornford in the north-west part of it, formerly called 

 Deorm-ceaster and Caer Dorm, is probably the Dtiro- 

 brivce, a passage of the Nen mentioned in the Itinera- 

 ry of Antoninus. A little above Stilton, a Roman path- 

 way, leading from Dornford to Huntingdon, appears 

 with a very high bank, which, in an old Saxon charter, is 

 called Erming- street. From Ramsey, which stands on an 

 isle of the same name, formed by the fens, there runs a 

 causeway, called Kings-delf, for ten miles, to Peterbo- 

 rough. It appears upon record in King Edgar's time. 

 At Ramsey, was formerly a very rich abbey, built in 

 the midst of a bog. There is little left of it, beside a 

 part of the old gate-house, and a statue of its founder 

 Alwyn, who was called alderman of all England, and 

 cousin to King Edgar. The keys and ragged staff in 

 his hand, denote his offices. This is reckoned one of 

 the most ancient pieces of English sculpture extant. 

 History. This county, under the Saxon heptarchy, formed 



part of the kingdom of Mercia, or the middle Angles. 

 Mr Speed mentions an observation of Sir Robert Cot- 

 ton, that the families of this county were so worn out 

 even in his time, (about the beginning of the 17th cen- 

 tury,) that, though it was formerly very rich in gentry, 

 yet few surnames of any note were then remaining 

 that could be traced higher than Henry VIII. Mr 

 Camden remarks, that in the civil wars, there were 

 more actions in this than in much larger counties, be- 

 cause it was the native county of Oliver Cromwell. 

 Population According to the returns made in the year 1800, the 

 population of this county was 37,568. In the year 

 1811, the returns afford the following results. 



Houses inhabited 7,566 



Families occupying them 8,808 



Houses building 23 



uninhabited 1 53 



Families employed in agriculture . . . 5,.%1 

 i in trade and manufactures 2,205 



not comprised in these classes . 1,242 



Males 20,4-02 



Females 21,806 



Total 42,208 



Square statute miles S70 



Rental of land 202,076 



Amount of tithe i'10,166 



Annual value of square mile . . . .574' 



Persons in a square mrle ..... 114 



Agricultural population 61 



Net product per family 40 



(w. s.) 



HUXTLY is a small town of Scotland, in the coun- 

 ty of Aberdeen. It is pleasantly situated on a point of 

 land at the confluence of the rivers Bogie and Deveron. 

 It consists of two principal streets, crossing each other 

 at right angles, and forming a spacious market-place at 

 their junction. The town contains some good houses, 

 and has of late years increased considerably. In 1792, 

 it contained 52 ftax-dressers, the annual value of whose 



manufactures was l 6,22-1 ; and 209 weavers, who pro- 

 duced yearly 73,150 yards of cloth. Huntly Lodge, 

 the seat of the Marquis of Huntly, stands near die 

 town, on the banks of the Deveron ; and near the 

 bridge over the same river are the remains of Huntly 

 Castle. 



The town and parish contained, in 1811, 



Inhabited houses COS 



Number of families 720 



Ditto employed in agriculture ipo 



Ditto employed in trade and manufactures 510 



Males 1186 



Females 1578 



Total population 2764, 



HURON, LAKE. See CAVADA, vol. v. p. 329, col. 2. 



HURRICANES. See METEOROLOGY. 



HUSBANDRY. See AGRICULTURE. 



HUSS, JOHN, the celebrated reformer and founder 

 of the sect called Hussites, was born at Hnssinez, a 

 village in Bohemia, about the year 1376, and received 

 his education at the university of Prague, where he 

 took his degrees of M. A. and B. D and at length be- 

 came minister of a church in that city. In the year 

 1100, he was chosen confessor to the queen Sophia ; 

 and at this early period, he already began to distinguish 

 himself by his freedom and zeal in reprehending the 

 corrupt morals of the laity, as well as the vices of the 

 clergy. The monks, under the protection of some of 

 the nobles, complained of him to the king Winceslaus ; 

 but this prince, who was no friend to the clergy, de- 

 clined to interfere. 



About this period, in consequence of trie marriage of 

 Ann of Bohemia with Richard II. of England, a com- 

 munication and intercourse were opened between these 

 two countries ; and several young Bohemians repaired 

 to England, where they became acquainted with the 

 writings of Wickliffe. Among these was Jerome of 

 Prague, who had formerly been a pupil of Huss, and 

 after spending some time at the university of Oxford, 

 returned to his native country, bringing along with him 

 several of the works of the English reformer. Huss 

 perused these writings, and having found that many of 

 the opinions which they contained coincided with those 

 which he himself had been led to entertain, he conti- 

 nued to preach openly and zealously against the errors 

 and corruptions of the reigning church. His eloquence 

 was powerfully directed against the sale of indulgences ; 

 he inveighed against this system of Papal extortion 

 with uncommon warmth ; and his arguments received 

 countenance both from the monarch and the people. 

 By this conduct, however, he rendered himself great- 

 ly obnoxious to Subinco, the archbishop of Prague, 

 a violent, bigotted, and illiterate prelate, who from 

 thenceforth became his irreconcileable enemy. Being 

 aware that Huss was secretly attached to the doctrines 

 of Wickliffe, he obtained a decree of the university, in 

 which the opinions of the English reformer were con- 

 demned as heretical, and those who should in future at- 

 tempt to disseminate these opinions were threatened with 

 the punishment of burning. Huss perceived at once 

 that this decree was levelled at his person, rather than 

 the opinions of Wickliffe ; but he relied upon the pro- 

 tection of the queen, and the acknowledged purity of 

 his life and conversation. 



Meanwhile, two young Englishmen, and zealous dis- 

 ciples of Wickliffe, having arrived at Prague, contribu- 

 ted to strengthen his attachment to the doctrines of 

 that reformer ; and Wickliffe's treatise De realifji/s Uni- 



Huron 



111153. 



