H Y D 



405 



H Y D 



.Byhcns- ply of food cannot be obtained. A similar eondition 

 sseisih among the fresh water moll usca, and alto among 

 many species of Annelides. But we must observe, that 

 ' accurate eheeuslinni on this branch of the subject are 

 still wanting. 



In concluding the subject of torpidity, it may be 

 er to mention a few of those quest June to which it 

 riven rise, without, however, going into detail. It 

 i asked, Is torpidity a condition natural to those 

 , or is it a habit produced by external circum. 

 - - Mr Gough indeed considers "the torpidity 

 of these animal* in a wild state, to be nothing but a 

 custom, imposed by necessity, on a constitution which 

 ure hat intended to seisin life during the cold sea* 

 . of winter, with but little food, and an imperfect 

 jree of respiration, as well as a languid, or perhaps 

 a partial action of the sanguiferou* tystem." Since 

 these animal*, when in a natural or perfectly wild state, 

 invariably became torpid, we must regard such, a con- 

 dition, not as the effect of " custom imposed by neces- 

 sity," but as the effect of a law of their constitution, 

 enabling them to accommodate themselves to circum. 

 stancea natural to their condition. 



have supposed that these torpid animals were 

 at first natives of warmer regions, and have acquired 

 the habit of torpidity, in consequence of having re- 

 moved to colder ootmtries Before attempting to ac- 



tor the occurrence of torpidity in such 



regarding the origin of 



I""***". proof of the sjsseitinn regarding 

 these torpid animals ought to be given. 

 know but little of the effects exerted by c 



by climate on this 

 neither do we know whe. 

 remain all the year ac- 



tire and lively if removed to a wanner country, Mr 

 whether the aamwb of wanner countries would 



torpid if brought to us. The fact, that torpid animals 

 are chiefly found in cold countries, is a proof of the 

 great influence exerted by climate on the habits of ani- 

 mals ; bnt U is also probable, that this influence will be 

 . chiefly felt, where the cenetitntion hat been previously 

 arranged, to accommodate itself to the virissiUidti of 

 snsJaMJnni. 



In all these different kinds of by bemation, we meet 

 with di*Wnirie in investigating the laws of animal life. 

 We cannot account for the phenomena which present 

 r ascertain the relation of these to external 

 it is both easy end delightful to trace the 

 Modem of nature in prov iding for the 



to the rJBenmeUiUii ID which they 

 j in removing them from nnfions of den- 

 , and in continuing to them ufe, and health, end en. 



(> ') 



DM <*eMnicn,B. 



mi>: : \;\D,i. aprovipceof the Deoemn, in India. 

 "' It m itemd between the 16th and 1 9th degrees of north 



C,T. mi 



joy.nmt 



latitede, and bounded on the north by the Godavery, on 

 theseuthbjr the river Krishna, on the esstby the pro. 

 vmee of Omd wane, end en the west by Beeder end A u- 

 rmed a considerable portion of the an. 



eient kingdom of T.lingsna, which, in ita independent 

 state asadistmct Hindoo sovereignty.cofDprshended the 

 principal part of the tract between the rivers Godavery 

 and Krishna, and of which the capital city was U aran- 

 gol. ft was rsdoced at an early period of the Mahom 

 medan invasion, and afterwards formed part of the 

 CT*Bhainenee Empire of the Oecean. On the disso- 

 lution of this state, Teungina became again the seat of 

 en independent goveoaKnt under the name of Golw 



da, the first sovereign of which, Kooli Kuttub Shah, Hyderabad, 

 established the Kuttub Shahy dynasty in 1512. One of '*"' "Y"""' 

 his successors, Abdullah Kuttub Shall, who ascended 

 the throne in 158G, became tributary to the Mogul 

 Emperor Shah Jehan ; and, in this state, the kingdom 

 remained till 1G87, when the reigning sovereign, Abou 

 Houssein, was deprived of his capital Golcoiul i by the 

 Emperor Aurungzebe, and imprisoned for life in the 

 fortress ef Dowlatabad. It was not till after a protract- 

 ed siege, and only, at length, through the treachery of 

 one ot the king's sirdars, that the Mogul Emperor ob- 

 tained possession of the place ; and it is related that, 

 when some of the assailants had fought their way into 

 the apartment, where Abou Houssein was seated at 

 supper, he requested them, with much composure, to sit 

 down and partake with him, and that they quietly ac. 

 copied the invitation. On the destruction of the Mo- 

 gul empire, after the death of Aurungzebe, Nizam ul 

 Moolk obtained possession of the Mahommedan con- 

 quests in the Dec-can, about the year 1717. L'nder im 

 accessor*, the limits of the state experienced much 

 fluctuation ; but its power was gradually declining, and 

 would have been totally annihilated by the Mahrattas, 

 had not the British government interposed for its sup. 

 port. In 1800, a treaty of perpetual alliance was con- Trtat _ w;ijl 

 eluded with Nizam Ali by M-jor Kirkpatrick on the f ui indi 

 part of the British ; and by this arrangement a British Govern- 

 force of 8000 (cgular infantry, and 1000 regular caval- mem. 

 ry, with their proper complement of artillery and war. 

 like stores, is stationed in the Nizam's territories, for 

 their protection againu hostile neighbours or turbulent 

 subjects. For the regular payment of UK w troops, the 

 Nizam ceded to the East India Company all the tcrrito- 

 which be had acquired by the treaty of Seringapa- 

 in 179?, and by that of Mywre in 17;i'l. In Un- 

 even t of a war taking place, the Nizam engaged to join 

 the British with 60OO infantry, and 9000 cavalry of hi* 

 own army, with the necessary train of artillery and 

 tore*. By this treaty it was also arranged, that all 

 the external political relations of the parties should be 

 exclusively asansgid by the British, who undertook to 

 protect his highness's dominions from every ai 

 ance, and particularly to procure a total exemption 

 from all claims of Cboute on the part of the Mahrattai. 

 In 1803, a commercial treaty was negotiated, by which 

 the free use of the port of Masulipatam was granted to 

 the Nizam, with a promise of protection to his flag 

 on the high sees ; and an equality of duties on tin- 

 mutual import* and exports was ttipulat t unt 



of which should not exceed 5 per cent. In i o+, a 

 of the territories of I )o let Row Sin. 

 to the Nizam ; by which the i I \ - 

 sovereignty acquired a great increase of terri- 

 tory, and obtained for the firt time a well-defined 

 boundary. At present, the Nizam's dominions, be- 

 sides the whole of Hyderabad, comprehend Nandere 

 end Beeder, the greater pert of Berar, and .1 portion of 

 Aurungabad and Begapoor, being cln i the 



Nagpoor territories by the Wurda river, and from the 

 BtMUsh by the Krishna and Toombuddra. Hydera- 

 bad, which gives the general name to the sovereign- 

 ty, is about IbO miles in length, and l.'o at its average 

 breadth. The surfure ..; ti.< province is hilly, but not 

 mountainous; and it i* an elevated table land, tnmli 

 colder in its temperature thn the degrrc of latitude 

 would indicate. In the city of Hyderabad, and the 

 country to the north of it, the thermometer, during 

 three months of the year, is frequently so low as 45", 

 40 , and 35" of Fahrenheit. The soil is fertile and to- 



Climate. 



