HYP 



598 



H V T 



Hypate HYPATE PfliMA, in music, is an interval, which 



II 2 



Hyperoche. M. Henfling has so denominated, its ratio being -^- =r 



358 2 + 7 f + 31 m, or the Major FIFTH ; which see. 



HYPATIA, a lady celebrated for her beauty and her 

 mathematical knowledge, was the daughter of Theon 

 of Alexandria, and was bom about the end of the fourth 

 century. Her public lectures on geometry and astro- 

 nomy were numerously attended, and she ranked among 

 her pupils many of the most distinguished individuals 

 of the age. She was cruelly murdered in 415, in a po- 

 pular commotion which is said to have been excited by 

 Cyril bishop of Alexandria, on account of her adhe- 

 rence to paganism. See Brucker's History of Philoso- 

 phy ; Beckmann's History of Inventions ; and our article 

 MATHEMATICS. 



HYPERBOLA. See CONIC SECTIONS, vol. vii. p. 

 143. 



HYPERBOLIC LOGARITHMS. In musical calcula- 

 tions, these express the decimal values or multiples of an 



interval, whose ratio is , &c.= 882.9718866 2 



2.7-1 82818 



+ 17 f + 77m, which answers to 1.0000000 of the hy- 

 perbolic logarithm tables ; in the same manner as = 

 2033S + 40f+ 176m answers to 1.0000000 (xxiv) 

 of the COMMON Logarithms, (which see); =6122 + 

 12 f + 53m to 1.0000000 (VIH) of Euler's or the Bi- 



80 



WARY Logarithms, (which see) ; = 1 1 2 + m, to 



8 1 



1.00000000 (c) of major comma logarithms ; and so of 

 many other species of logarithms : every one of which 

 species represents a particular scale of musical inter- 

 vals. See LOGARITHMS. 



HYPEROCHE, in music, is a name by which dif- 

 ferent musical writers have distinguished several small 

 intervals of the scale, viz. 



HYPEROCHE of Dr Busby, (Mus. Diet. art. Hyp.) 



3 (/c) has the ratio 



2097152 



, =: 5 S + f, and is 



21 09375 ; 

 the Major RESIDUAL (of Rameau,) which see. 



HYPEROCHE of Dr Callcott, (Overend MS. II. 42, 



. 16,677,181,699,666,569 

 83,) has the rat.o 1(j)777 , 216)000)000 , 0()0 . =5 2 + 2f, 



and is the Greater RESIDUAL (R) of Overend, which 

 see. 



HYPEROCH^ Major, of Overend, Dr Busby?, and 



3072 

 others, (*) has the ratio - ^, = 15 2 + f + m. See 



the Table in Plate XXX. of Vol. IF. 



HYPEROCHE Medius, of Farey, (D), has the ratio 



, = 142+f+m, which has already been fully 



described in our article DIEZE Minime. 



HYPEROCHE Minor, of Farey, (<p), has the ratio 

 36,472,996,377,170,786,403 



36,893,488,147,419,103,232' - 102 + f + n, and is 

 called PRISMA, in the Table above referred to. See that 

 article. 



HYPEROCHE of Ptolemy, has the ratio -1?!, which 



Ji<Gy 



therefore is not a diatonic interval, because involving 

 the large prime 43, in ita ratio : it is the sharp tempe. 



rament of the false trumpet 4th (Jf ) ; is = 6 88806 2 

 + m, rr 6.89592 X, = .6264543 X c, = .011 22725 x VIH ; 

 and its common log. is .9966202,5935, &c. M 



HYPOCHONDRIASIS. See MEDICINE. 



IIYPOTHENUSE. See GEOMETRY. 



HYPOTHESIS, from the Greek ijnltrK, from 

 and Tihui, Is a term used in physics to denote a system 

 of one or more facts gratuitously assumed, for the pur- 

 pose of giving an explanation of a particular class of 

 phenomena. If all, or nearly all, the phenomena are 

 well explained by the fact assumed, or if the truth of 

 this fact is rendered probable by evidence' independent 

 of the phenomena which it is intended to explain ; it is 

 then called a theory. A theory therefore differs from a 

 hypothesis, principally in the degree of probability 

 which attaches to the system. The two terms are how- 

 ever used by the best authors without much discrimi- 

 nation. Every person agrees in calling the Cartesian 

 system of vortices a hypothesis, and the Newtonian sys- 

 tem of gravitation a theory ; for, independent of the posi- 

 tive objections to the explanationsderived from the vorti- 

 ces, there is not the slightest probability of theirexistence. 

 while the doctrine of the mutual attraction of matter is 

 rendered highly probable from considerations indepen- 

 dent of astronomy. The system by which jEpinus has 

 explained the phenomena of electricity and magnetism 

 is properly an hypothesis, from there being no evidence 

 whatever of the existence of a magnetical and electrical- 

 fluid; but from the admirable explanation which it af- 

 fords, (when in a slight degree modified, by the substi- 

 tution of two fluids instead of one^ of all the phenome- 

 na, it is almost universally denominated a theory. 



HYRCANIA is the name of a country of ancient 

 Asia, to the south of the eastern part of the Caspian Sea. 

 It was bounded by Margiana on the east, Parthia on 

 the south, and Media on the west, and was covered 

 with mountains and forests. Hyrcania was the capital, 

 and its principal towns were Barange, Adrapsa, Casape. 

 Aberbina, Amarusa, Sinica, Sale or Sacae, Asmara and 

 Mausoca. 



HYSSOP. See HORTICULTURE, vol. xi. p. 282. 



HYSTERIA. See MEDICINE. 



H YTHE, is the name of a market town of England 

 in Kent, and one of the principal Cinque Ports. It con- 

 sists principally of one long street parallel to the beach, 

 and crossed by two or three smaller streets. The church, 

 which stands on the side of the hill above the town, is 

 built in the form of a cross, with a tower at the west 

 end. The court hall and market place stand in the 

 middle of the principal street, and the theatre, which 

 is a small one, is situated in one of the streets which 

 runs towards the sea. The coast is here defended by 

 martello towers, and by several small forts. Ranges of 

 barracks for infantry were erected on the heights above 

 the town, with numerous mud-wall cottages for the ac- 

 commodation of the wives and families of soldiers. In 

 1811 the town and parish contained 



Inhabited houses 268 



Number of families 4.58 



Do. in trade 1 67 



Males 995 



Females 1323 



Total population .... 2318 



See Hasted's History of Kent, vol. iii, and the Beau- 

 ties of England and Wales, vol. viii. 



Hypochon. 



driosis 



II 

 Hythc. 



