662 



ICHTHYOLOGY. 



History. 



System of 

 Vronovius. 





b. Pinnis ventralibus spu- 



riis 



c. Pinnis ventralibus veris 



praesentibus 



1! 



* Pinna dorsi solitaria 



b. Pinnis ventralibus nullis 9. Petromyzon. 

 B. Radiis pinnarum osseis. 



1. Branchiaruin apcrturis, foramine exiguo tantum 



apertis. 



BliANCllIOSTEOI. 



'10. Muraeha. 



. Pinnis ventralibus nul- ^ 1 1. Gymnotus. 

 Us 1 12. Syngnathus. 



13. Ostracion. 

 14*. Balistes. 



1 5. Cyclopterus. 



16. Cyclogaster. 

 17- Gonorynchus. 

 18. Cobitis. 



19- Uranoscopus. 

 _20. Lophius. 



2. Branchiarum aperturis subter atque in lateribus 



laxe apertis. 

 BRANCHIALES. 



a Pinnis ventralibus in pectore sub pectorali- 

 bus. 



21. Sciaena. 



22. Cynaedus. 



23. Sparus. 



24. Holocentrus. 



25. Coracinus. 



26. Scarus. 



27. Chsetodon. 



28. Labrus. 



29. Callyodon. 



30. Pleuronectes. 



31. Echeneis. 



32. Blennius. 



33. Erichelyopus. 



34. Pholis. 



35. Cottus. 



36. Amia. 



37. Trachinus. 



38. Gobius. 



39. Eleotris. 



40. Trigla. 



41. Mullus. 



42. Perca. 



43. Scomber. 



44. Zeus. 

 ^45. Gadus. 



Pinnis ventralibus inter" pinnas pectorales et 

 analem sitis. 



46. Clarius. 



47. Silurus. 



48. Aspredo. 



49. Albula. 



50. Cyprinus. 



51. Clupea. 



52. Argentina. 



53. Synodus. 

 54>. Hepatus. 



55. Erythrinus. 



56. Umbra. 



57. Cataphractus. 



58. Exocaetus. 



59. Anableps. 



60. Esox. 



61. Solenostomus. 



* Pinna dorsi 

 pluribus 



una 



1 Pinna dorsi solitaria 



** Pinnis dorsalibus 

 duobus, posteriore 

 spuria seu adiposa 



3 



62. Belone. 



63. Salmo. 



64. Anostomes. 



65. C'harax. 

 .66. Mystus. 



*** Pinnis dorsalibus 

 veris seu radiatis 



c Pinnis ventralibus ve- 

 ris nullis. 



System of 

 Gignoviiu. 



67. Callichthys. History. 



68. Plecostomus. 



69. Centriscus. 



70. Mugil. 



71. Polynemus. 

 Atherina. 



'73. Anarhichas. 



74. Ophidion. 



75. Mastacembalus. 



76. Ammodytes. 



77. Gasterosteus. 



78. Channa. 



79. Gasteropelecus. 



80. Xiphias. 



81. Leptocephalus. 

 _82. Gynogaster. 



In 'this system Gronovius has brought back the ceta 

 ceous and cartilaginous divisions of Ray. His primary 

 characters are similar to those employed by that illus 

 trious zoologist. Those of a subordinate rank are in 

 part derived from the same source, and from Artedi 

 and Linnaeus. As a system, it is inferior to that of 

 Linnaeus, since the subordinate characters are liable to 

 exceptions. Like that naturalist, he employs the num. 

 ber of the fins, as a character subordinate to those fur- 

 n i shed by their position. 



Brunich attempted another system of fishes, which Brunich. 

 he published in his Zoologies Fundamenta, (Hat'niae, 

 1771). It is an attempt to unite the natural method 

 of Ray and his numerous followers, with the artificial 

 system of Linnaeus. It appeared at the time when the 

 professor of Upsal was in the meridian of his glory, 

 and was treated with neglect by the admirers of that 

 great man. To us, whose opinions on the merits of 

 these systems are not likely to be influenced by party 

 feelings, the method of Brunich appears equally simple 

 as that of Linnaeus, and, in the first tribes, is certainly 

 superior. We add it here, that the reader may judge 

 for himself. 



TRIBUS I. 



Branchiis incompletis. Spiraculis thoracis laterali- System of 

 bus. Aurium foraminibus pone oculos. Pinnis carti- Brunich. 

 lagineis. CHONDHOPTEHIGH. 



fl. Petromyzon. 



2. Raja. 



3. Squalus. 



4. Chimaera. 



5. Acipenser. 



TRIBXJS. II. 



Branchiis incompletis. Apertura thoracis linearis. 

 Pinnis membranaceis radiatis. Corpore saepius cata- 

 phracto vel muricato. BRANCHIOSTEGI. 



6. Syngnathus. 



7. Ostracion. 



8. Balistes. 



9. Tetrodon. 



A. Pinnis ventralibus nullis. 



I 



1 



B. Pinnis ventralibus presentibus. 



10. DioJon. 

 is, 



iterus. 

 . Centriscus. 



THIBUS III. 



Branchiis completis. Apertura thoracis hiaUte, Pin- 

 nis membranaceis radiatis ; ventoalibus nullis ; corpore 

 sepius alepedoto. APODES. 



