ICHTHYOLOGY. 



717 



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>: '.-. 



cinata." Pennant describes it as the toothed "ill head. 

 Bloch afterwards gave a figure of it under the name 

 of S. Raii. La Cepede rejects the name which Bloch 

 had borrowed on it, substitutes a French provincial 

 name in its place, and named it S. castaneola. Shaw, 

 to increase the difficulty, describes two spari, S. Raii 

 and S. castaneola, as if they were distinct species. 

 Amidst so many changes, it is surprising that no one 

 has done ju-tice to Johnston, to whom we owe its dis- 

 covery. This is a rare species in England, but it has 

 frequently occurred on the east coast of Scotland. 



Gext's CXX. CENTHOPOJU'S. Basse. 



130. C. lutHlatu*. 



This is the Perc-a labrax of Linnaeus. It is frequent 

 on the English coast, and is sometimes taken in the 

 Frith of Forth. Its flesh is prized as excellent food. 



GENUS CXXV. HOLOCENTRUS. 



131. H. crrnua. Ruffe. 



This is found in several of the English streams, but 

 appears to be unknown in Scotland. It is the Ptrca 

 cernuca of Linnoius. 



138. H. Xorxficus. Sea Perch. 



This specie* has generally been confounded with 

 the Perca lineis utrinque septem transversis of Artedi, 

 the Perca marina of Rondtktius, Willoughby, Belo- 

 niui, and Salvianus. This last, however, has ten spi- 

 nout rays and fifteen branched ones in the dorsal fin, 

 while our specie* has fifteen spinous and fourteen 

 branched rays in the same fin. The H. Norvegicus is 

 rather a rare species on our coasts. In the northern 

 islands of Scotland it ii called Bergylt. 



\\\'l. PERCA. Perch. 

 133. P.Jlutialilit. Common I'erch. 

 'I his is common in many parts of our island in lakes. 

 In the north of Scotland it is a rare fi-ii. 



GmesCXLIX.Zr.ts. Done. 

 Z.Jabfr. Common Dtiree. 



Found on the English coast, and brought to market. 

 It ii rare on the coast of Scotland. 



GEM ( I.I ( inn -..T..SI-S. Opafi. 

 C. tuna. Common Opah. 



Various instances are on record of this fish having 

 been cart ashore on the Scottish shores. It has like- 

 wise been observed on the English coast. 



h'ishes. 



-.; * C 'MIL PnuaoKErTE*. Flounder. 



-. I. L'.yet on the right tide. 

 136. P. fiippoglouut. Holibut. 

 Common on all parts of the coast. In the Scottish 

 markets it goes by the name of Turbut. 



V limanda. Dab. 



This species is equally common as the last on all our 

 bores. In the Edinburgh market it is termed Saltie 

 or Salt Water Fleuk. 

 13? L Sole. 



The principal fisheries are on the western coasts of 

 England. In Scotland they are in a great measure 

 neglected. They occasionally enter our large rivers, 

 ai.u seem capable of living in brakish water. 



139. P. plateua. Plaice 



Very common on all parts of the coast. 



140. P. flftvi Common Flounder 



Common, subject to variations in colour. The P. 

 rottmt of Shaw's General /nology, vol. iv. p. 302. tab. 

 43.* is a roue- coloured variety . '! li. P. patser of I.in- 

 na-us is a reversed variety, having the eyes on the left 



: !c. 



141. P. microcephalus. Smear Dab. 



This species is found on the southern and western 

 coasts of England, and was first figured and described 

 by Donovan in his British Fishes, tab. 42. 



14-2. P. varif gatus. Variegated Sole. 



This is another species, for the discovery of which 

 we are indebted to Donovan. He has figured and de- 

 scribed it in his British Fishes, tab. 107. It was found 

 along with other fl;it fish in the Billingsgate market. 



143. P. limandula. Smooth Dab. 



This is the Smear Dab of Pennant, and is sometimes 

 found on the English stalls. 



141. P. arnog'ossus. Lantern fish. 



This is the smooth sole of Pennant, It was de- 

 scribed by Ray, but has not been observed by any na- 

 turalist sinee his time. 



SECTION II. Eyes on the left side. 



145. P. majcimus. Turbot. 



Common on all parts of the coast, and highly prized. 



146. P. rhombus. Brill or Pearl. 



Common on the English coast. Mr Neill says that 

 it is found in Aberlady bay, and is called Bonnet Fltuk. 



147- P megastoma. Whiff. 



This is the Whiff of Ray, and has been confounded 

 with the Brill and the Spotted Flounder by the conti- 

 nental ichthyologists. It is nut uncommon on the 

 English shores. 



J4S. P.piinclatui. Spotted Flounder. 



This species has been observed among the Zetland 

 isles, and likewise on the English coast. It is described 

 in the Werncrian Mem. vol. ii. p. 241. 



149. P. cyclopi. Cyclops Flounder. 



This new species of flounder was discovered by Cap- 

 tain Merrick of Aberfraw in Anglesra, and has been 

 described and figured by Donovan in his British Fishes, 

 tab. 1)0. 



GENUS CLVII. COBITIS. Loche. 



1.50. C. barbatula. Common loche. 



This is a very common fish in our small rivers and 

 streams. In England it is frequently called the ground, 

 ling, in Scotland the lying loclte. 



151. C. tcKnia. Armed loche or groundling. 



This species, which is not mentioned by Pennant, is 

 found in the Trent, according to Berkenhout, and is said 

 by Turton to inhabit the clear streams of Wiltshire. 



GENUS CI.XXX. SALMO. Salmon. 

 .S. fdlnr. Common salmon. Salmon. 



Common in all the large rivers, and a species of vast 

 commercial importance. The fisheries are regulated by 

 laws which should be revised, as they are founded, in 

 some instances, on mistaken notions with respect to the 

 habits of the fish, and are exceedingly partial in their 

 operation. 



1 .13. S. eriox. Grey. 



This species was first described by Ray. They are 

 found in several of the rivers of England and Scotland. 

 The tail is even at the end, the spots on the body are 

 large, round, and purplish. The flesh when boiled is 

 pale pink coloured. 



154. S. trutta. Salmon trout 



This species, like the preceding, migrates from the 

 sea into the rivers to spawn, and is very common. It 

 is often termed the sea-trout, or the bull-trout 



1.1. r >. S.fario. River trout. 



This is the most common species, and is found in all 

 our rivers and streams. It varie^ in colour according to 

 the qualities of the water in which it resides. 



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